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Closantel Sodium stands as a veterinary pharmaceutical compound, called for in the battle against bloodsucking parasites, particularly those found in sheep and cattle. This chemical, derived from the closantel base, enters the market as a sodium salt, boosting its water solubility and practical use. Closantel Sodium appears as a solid, showing up in crystalline powder, flake, or pearl forms. Sometimes, it comes in a solution, catering to different dosing strategies and animal sizes. Whether in powder, solid, or crystal, its main job—wiping out troublesome internal and external parasites—never changes.
This molecule has the formula C22H13Cl2IN2NaO2 and weighs 539.16 grams per mole. At its core sits a halogenated aromatic structure carrying both iodine and chlorine atoms, giving closantel sodium the punch to break parasite metabolic functions. The sodium cation links up with the acidic hydrogen of closantel, transforming its solubility and transport in animal systems. The complex backbone—aromatic rings tightly bound—holds together under most manufacturing and environmental conditions. The presence of sodium modifies not just its behavior in solution but also alters its raw material profile and physical handling during storage and preparation.
Depending on production or crystalline water content, closantel sodium may take the shape of fine powder, firm flakes, size-sorted pearls, or transparent crystals. On first inspection, an off-white to pale brown color shows up, never truly colorless due to trace impurities from synthesis. Touching or pouring the material, density stands out. At room temperature, closantel sodium lands close to 1.5 grams per cubic centimeter. This density—higher than many other veterinary actives—matters during handling, as it influences both how the chemical settles in containers and how it’s measured out for dosing or formulating. The powder resists clumping as long as it’s kept dry, but absorbing water will cause it to cake unless sealed up right.
Every batch lines up with a fixed set of specifications. Purity often targets 97% or better, checked by HPLC or similar methods. Water content must sit below 0.5%, and impurities—such as unreacted starting materials—get scrutinized at each stage. Particle size can change based on the final use, but most veterinary formulations favor a size range below 100 microns for smooth mixing into feeds or solutions. The HS Code for this raw material sits at 2942.00, placing it under organic chemicals in international trade. This classification affects import tariffs, documentation, and regulatory checks.
Field vets and farmers depend on closantel sodium to wipe out infestations of liver fluke and certain nematodes. Doses run through injection, oral drenching, or mixing into feed. As a solid powder, it dissolves steady into water, forming a clear, stable solution if the chemistry is done right. Flakes and pearls still need to dissolve but take just a bit longer. No matter the form—be it solution or dry powder—calculating the right strength is vital, and no shortcuts exist.
Closantel sodium walks a fine line between strong medicine and a hazardous chemical. It’s not for human use, and accidental exposure poses real health risks. Contact with skin can set off irritation; breathing in dust threatens the lungs. Ingesting even a small dose—for non-target species, like people—results in effects on the nervous system, eyesight, and liver. This chemical demands gloves, safety eyewear, proper ventilation, and warning labels close to its raw storage. Hazmat protocols matter, not just for spill cleanup but also during transport. The product stays tightly regulated: veterinary pharmacies track every delivery and make handlers sign for each drum or sack.
Once out in the real world, closantel sodium breaks down only in sunlight or with strong oxidizing agents. Its molecules resist quick decomposition, so accidental release—spills or irresponsible disposal—can linger in soil and water. Farm practices dictate keeping drug residues out of meat and milk sent to market, with withdrawal periods calculated in days or weeks. Storage needs steady temperatures, moisture control, and locked cabinets, making theft and misuse much less likely.
Suppliers and manufacturers pay close attention to the starting materials: not just the closantel precursor, but also the sodium bases and any solvents or stabilizers needed. Each affects quality, stability, and product price. Veterinary drug markets reward safe, well-tested batches. Any shortcut with raw materials comes with a risk—impurities in the final material create headaches for end users and might trigger recalls or regulatory penalties. With animal health tied directly to food chains, no one can afford to gamble with the quality of closantel sodium entering commerce. Demand continues, especially as resistance to older compounds climbs and new parasitic threats emerge, reminding farmers and veterinarians how much hangs in the balance when the right treatment stands between healthy livestock and economic loss.
