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Basic copper chloride, also called copper(II) chloride basic or copper oxychloride, stands out as an important industrial chemical. Its most common chemical formula is Cu2(OH)3Cl and sometimes is known by its other names in research and commerce. This blue-green compound appears as a vivid solid and often takes the form of powder, flakes, pearls, or crystals depending on preparation and use. Found in nature as the minerals atacamite and paratacamite, synthetic basic copper chloride is preferred for purity and consistency in industrial processes.
High-quality basic copper chloride material comes in a range of physical appearances, from powdery solids to crystal and flakes, as well as pearled forms. The molecular weight clocks in at around 213.56 g/mol for the most common formula. Because of its low solubility in water, it tends to stay solid unless exposed to acids or ammonia, when it releases free copper ions into the solution. Density varies by hydration, usually falling between 3.6 and 4.0 g/cm3. Its vibrant color comes from copper’s d9 electronic structure. The compound resists melting until temperatures approach 220°C, and it decomposes with further heating.
At the molecular level, basic copper chloride consists of clusters of Cu2+ ions, hydroxide groups, and chloride ions. X-ray crystallography shows distinct layered arrangements, giving the material its flaky or crystalline forms in solid state. These structural intricacies influence its usefulness in fields like pigment manufacture and as a catalyst. The compound’s powder form spreads evenly and its flakes handle well in bulk applications. Its chemical formula, Cu2(OH)3Cl, reflects the copper-hydroxide and -chloride ratio that holds together in most commercial samples.
Manufacturers supply basic copper chloride based on customer needs for particle size, purity, and form. Powders flow easily though hoppers and blend into dry mixes for agricultural uses. Crystal and flake forms work well for slow-release settings or as colorants. On a bulk material level, purity often ranges between 96% and 99%, depending on the technical or reagent grade required. Specification sheets give detail on acceptable impurity levels, moisture content, residue on ignition, and particle fineness. Its stability in solid form makes it easy to handle, store, and transport.
The international trading landscape defines basic copper chloride by the Harmonized System (HS) Code 282749. This classification streamlines movement across borders and meets export/import regulations. Producers often start with high-grade copper raw materials, reacting with hydrochloric acid solution then introducing air or other agents to shape the hydroxide-chloride structure. Every batch needs careful filtration, washing, and drying, with a focus on worker safety and environmental management during production. Raw copper comes from mines and recycling, shaping supply chains for this essential material.
Physical attributes like density and solubility guide how this compound interacts through its life cycle. Its density of about 3.6–4.0 g/cm3 sets handling requirements when loading drums or hoppers. Largely insoluble in water, it disperses as a suspension for crop protection agents, where slow-release of copper ions targets fungal growth. In pigment work, stable crystalloids grant sharp green or blue tones to glass and ceramics. Some laboratories use its granular or powder form as a source of copper ions for chemical synthesis and testing.
Handling any copper chemical means taking safety seriously. Basic copper chloride counts as hazardous if inhaled or ingested in dust form. The copper ion harms aquatic life and needs responsible storage, keeping it away from drains and waterways. Workers should use gloves, goggles, and dust masks in handling the dry product. Material Safety Data Sheets detail first aid steps and fire risks – most involve irritation to eyes, skin, or lungs. Safe disposal involves following hazardous waste regulations, preventing groundwater contamination.
The health risks lie in chronic exposure to copper compounds, which can lead to gastrointestinal or liver issues if not controlled. That’s why industries monitor copper emissions carefully. Agriculturally, its careful use helps limit fungal outbreaks while avoiding excess copper build-up in soils. Government regulations require labeling with hazard statements and proper storage, away from food and feed. Responsible use includes worker training, spill kits on site, and proper air filtration in enclosed workspaces.
Today, basic copper chloride brings value to agriculture for fungicide blends and micronutrient fertilizers. Pigment industries draw on its color resilience in ceramics and glassmaking. Researchers look to its crystal forms for chemical reactions needing a steady copper source. Industry turns to this compound as a raw material for other copper salts and in some battery technologies. Better training, manufacturing controls, and environmental management keep risks low, make use of this compound safe and practical, and protect worker wellbeing in all facility environments. With good information, anyone handling basic copper chloride can stay safe and help it play a positive role in technology and food production.
