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Product Name: Urea
Common Names: Carbamide, Carbonyl diamide
CAS Number: 57-13-6
Recommended Uses: Fertilizer, industrial chemical, animal feed additive
Manufacturer and Supplier Details: Name, address, and emergency contact information provided on packaging
Emergency Telephone: Local and national poison centers provide support for accidental exposure or ingestion
GHS Classification: Non-hazardous for most handling conditions, though dust may cause mild irritation
Signal Word: None required
Hazard Statements: May cause temporary eye, skin, and respiratory irritation in sensitive individuals
Precautionary Statements: Handle with standard protective measures in industrial settings; avoid inhaling dust or contact with eyes
Pictogram: None required for most uses; check bulk transport regulations for industrial warnings
Chemical Name: Urea
Synonyms: Carbamide, Carbonyldiamine
Purity: Typically over 98% in technical and agricultural grades
Impurities: Trace biuret, ammonia, water, minor insolubles may be present depending on source
Formula: CH₄N₂O
Molecular Weight: 60.06 g/mol
Inhalation: Remove person from dust exposure to fresh air; support breathing if coughing or irritation develops; seek medical attention for persistent symptoms
Skin Contact: Wash affected area with soap and water to remove residues; long-term or repeated contact may dry the skin
Eye Contact: Flush gently with water for at least 15 minutes; remove contact lenses if present; see medical advice if irritation continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth thoroughly; do not induce vomiting; offer water to drink; seek medical help for large amounts or persistent effects
Most Important Symptoms: Temporary mild irritation of eyes, skin, or throat
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide; product itself is not very flammable
Special Hazards: On strong heating, decomposes to produce toxic fumes such as ammonia and oxides of nitrogen
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Use full protective clothing and self-contained breathing equipment in confined or large fires
Combustion Products: Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, ammonia
Personal Precautions: Avoid creating dust clouds; use dust masks and gloves if necessary during clean-up
Environmental Precautions: Prevent large releases entering waterways; use containment to avoid excessive fertilization of water bodies (eutrophication)
Clean-up Methods: Sweep or shovel unused material into suitable containers for reuse or disposal; use water spray to reduce dust if necessary
Spill Containment: Barricade off affected area during industrial spills, especially to prevent dust inhalation in confined spaces
Safe Handling: Minimize dust generation through good housekeeping practices; use appropriate protection for sensitive skin or eyes
Storage Requirements: Store in cool, dry, ventilated place away from direct sunlight and incompatible substances (acids, strong oxidizers)
Incompatible Materials: Avoid prolonged contact with strong oxidizing agents, nitrates, hypochlorites which can increase fire and explosion risk
Storage Containers: Use moisture-resistant materials to prevent caking or dissolution; keep containers tightly closed when not in use
Exposure Limits: No published occupational exposure limits for urea dust in most regions; ACGIH recommends keeping nuisance dust below 10 mg/m³ for inhalable particles
Engineering Controls: Use ventilation systems or local exhaust in confined or dusty work areas
Personal Protection – Eye: Safety goggles or glasses where dust may be generated
Hand Protection: Rubber or nitrile gloves recommended for sustained skin contact
Respiratory Protection: Dust masks or particulate respirators in unventilated or high-dust environments
Workplace Hygiene: Wash hands and face after handling; do not eat or drink where product is used
Appearance: White, odorless crystals or granules
Odor: Odorless
pH: About 7.2 (10% solution in water)
Melting Point: Begins to decompose at 132–135°C rather than producing a true melt
Boiling Point: Not applicable; decomposes on heating
Solubility in Water: About 108 g/100 mL at 20°C; highly soluble
Density: About 1.32 g/cm³ (solid)
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperature
Other Properties: Stable under standard storage and handling conditions
Chemical Stability: Chemically stable if kept dry and cool
Reactivity: Reacts with nitrous acid, strong oxidizers, hypochlorites under extreme conditions
Hazardous Decomposition: Produces ammonia, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides on strong heating or in fire
Polymerization: Does not occur
Conditions to Avoid: High heat, acids, and prolonged moisture exposure
Acute Effects – Oral: Low toxicity; large quantities may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
Acute Effects – Inhalation: Dust may irritate the upper airways, especially in sensitive individuals
Skin Effects: Prolonged contact may cause mild dryness or irritation
Eye Effects: Direct dust contact may produce redness and watering
Chronic Effects: No known long-term health effects in humans from normal workplace exposure
LD50 (oral, rat): About 8,471 mg/kg – very low toxicity
Aquatic Toxicity: Urea is moderately toxic to aquatic life at high concentrations; rapid breakdown can cause oxygen depletion in water
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable by microbes in soil
Bioaccumulation: Not expected; does not build up in aquatic or terrestrial organisms
Mobility in Soil: Highly water soluble and can leach through soils, potentially reaching groundwater if not managed
Other Considerations: Intensive use as fertilizer may contribute to waterway eutrophication, promoting algae blooms and decreasing oxygen for fish
Disposal Methods: Reuse as fertilizer or industrial raw material whenever possible; follow local regulations for large quantities
Waste Treatment: Dispose of in accordance with local, regional, or national environmental legislation
Contaminated Packaging: Clean thoroughly before recycling or disposal; avoid dumping in drains or water bodies
UN Number: Not classified as hazardous for most transport modes
Proper Shipping Name: Urea
Hazard Class: Not regulated
Packing Group: None required for urea
Special Precautions: Prevent moisture contact; transport in sealed bags or bulk carriers
OSHA Status: Not regulated as a hazardous chemical
WHMIS Classification (Canada): Not controlled under WHMIS
TSCA (USA): Listed in the Chemical Substance Inventory
REACH (EU): Registered and permitted for use as fertilizer and industrial material
Other National Inventories: Widely approved for agricultural, food, and industrial applications worldwide
Labeling Requirements: Product and supplier name, basic safety information, and first-aid instructions included on package or bulk container
