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Product Name: Trisodium Phosphate
Chemical Name: Trisodium Phosphate
Other Names: Sodium Phosphate Tribasic, TSP
CAS Number: 7601-54-9
Recommended Use: Cleaning agent, water softener, food additive, stain remover
Manufacturer Details: Typically found with large chemical suppliers
Emergency Telephone: Chemtrec: 1-800-424-9300
Hazard Classification: Corrosive to metals, skin, and eyes. Irritant to respiratory tract.
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. May cause respiratory irritation. Harmful if swallowed.
Pictograms: Corrosion, Exclamation Mark
Precautionary Statements: Avoid contact with skin and eyes, do not inhale dust, wash thoroughly after handling, use personal protective equipment as required.
Chemical Name: Trisodium Phosphate
Formula: Na3PO4
Concentration: 98 - 100%
Impurities: Some commercial grades may contain traces of sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, or other sodium salts.
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air. Seeks medical attention for persisting symptoms. May cause coughing or shortness of breath.
Skin Contact: Rinse skin immediately with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing, seek medical help if irritation develops.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, seek immediate medical advice.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, drink plenty of water or milk if conscious, seek medical attention promptly.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water, dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide.
Special Hazards: Not combustible, but forms corrosive solutions if mixed with water and may react with acids to release heat.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear to prevent contact with skin and eyes.
Explosion Data: Product does not form explosive mixtures with air but may accelerate burning of combustible material.
Personal Precautions: Use protective clothing, gloves, and goggles. Avoid creating and inhaling dust.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers or water sources, toxic to aquatic life in high concentrations.
Clean-Up Procedures: Sweep or shovel into suitable containers for disposal, avoid raising dust. Wash spill area with plenty of water. Dispose of contaminated material in compliance with local, state, and federal regulations.
Handling: Use in well-ventilated areas, avoid contact with eyes and skin, do not breathe dust. Always wear protective equipment.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place, separate from acids and moisture. Protect from physical damage and store away from incompatible substances like aluminum or magnesium.
Exposure Limits: No OSHA PEL or ACGIH TLV assigned specifically for TSP, but keep workplace dust below 10 mg/m3 (inhalable particles).
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation to minimize dust accumulation.
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, face shield for splash protection, lab coat or apron, and use an approved dust mask or respirator if dust generation is likely.
Appearance: White, granular powder or crystalline solid.
Odor: Odorless
pH (1% solution): 11.5 – 12.5
Melting Point: Decomposes at temperatures above 100°C (heptahydrate loses water)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes upon heating)
Solubility: Readily soluble in water
Specific Gravity: 1.62 (anhydrous)
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable
Flash Point: Not flammable
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions, absorbs moisture from air.
Incompatible Materials: Acids, aluminum, magnesium, tin, zinc—may release hydrogen gas on contact.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Phosphorus oxides, sodium oxides.
Conditions to Avoid: Excess heat, exposure to acids, moisture.
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 5,000 mg/kg. Large ingestion may cause severe irritation to mouth, throat, stomach, and can lead to burns upon prolonged contact.
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Highly irritating and corrosive to skin on contact.
Eye Damage/Irritation: Causes serious eye damage, may result in permanent injury.
Respiratory/Skin Sensitization: Not known to cause sensitization.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure may affect kidney function, signs of chronic irritation may occur with long-term overexposure.
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic life due to high alkalinity, alteration of water pH can damage aquatic organisms.
Persistence and Degradability: Inorganic substance, persistent in environment but will dilute with water over time.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Unlikely to bioaccumulate.
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile in water and soil due to solubility.
Other Adverse Effects: Large discharges to surface water can cause elevation of pH and phosphate enrichment, possibly leading to algal blooms.
Disposal Methods: Collect and place in suitable containers for approved landfill or incineration in line with local, regional, and national regulations. Neutralize small amounts with dilute acid and flush with water if permissible. Avoid discharge to sewers or surface waters.
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse containers before disposal; treat as hazardous waste if significant contamination exists.
UN Number: Not regulated for transport under most international regulations.
Transport Hazard Class: Not classified as dangerous for transport.
Packing Group: None assigned.
Environmental Hazards: Not considered a marine pollutant for transport purposes.
Special Precautions: Protect from moisture during transport, avoid contact with incompatible materials during transit.
TSCA Status: Listed on United States Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory.
OSHA HazCom: Regulated as a hazardous chemical due to corrosive properties.
SARA (Title III, Sections 311/312): Acute Health Hazard.
California Prop 65: Not listed.
DSL/NDSL (Canada): All ingredients listed.
EU Regulations: Classified according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP).
Other Regulations: Compliance with workplace safety laws advised for storage, handling, and risk mitigation.
