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Sodium hyaluronate did not show up in medicine or cosmetics overnight. Its story goes back to the 1930s, when researchers Karl Meyer and John Palmer dug around cow eyes and found a gelatinous compound that held an unusual ability to grab water. They called it hyaluronic acid. Soon enough, scientists pushed beyond animal tissues, learning to make it in the lab and then on an industrial scale. By the late 20th century, eyes surgeons leaned on this ingredient to help protect delicate tissues during cataract operations. Orthopedic experts quickly took the baton for osteoarthritis, injecting it into aching joints to ease pain. Over several decades, sodium hyaluronate evolved from those original discoveries to widespread use in both pharmaceuticals and skin care, thanks to better purification and fermentation methods that cut down contamination and side effects. People have gone from harvesting it out of rooster combs to growing it in giant stainless steel tanks with microbes, opening the door for less risk and higher quantities.
Sodium hyaluronate appears as a white, free-flowing powder that dissolves clear in water. It owes its effectiveness to its identity as a salt form of hyaluronic acid. Companies package it as eye drops, injectables, dermal fillers, serums, wound gels, or food supplements. Its standout quality: pulling water to itself and forming a thick, cushioning matrix. In skin creams, this means a boost in moisture that doesn't wash away so easily. Hospitals rely on medical-grade versions for everything from eye surgeries to easing joint pain or healing burns. The push into food and nutraceuticals comes from its reputation for joint support and hydrated skin, with drink powders and capsules now crowding store shelves.
Sodium hyaluronate builds up from repeating units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. That long, stretchy chain lets it trap a thousand times its own weight in water. On its own, the powder does not carry a scent and doesn’t taste like much, but touch a bit and you’ll get a slippery, almost snot-like feeling—no wonder it lubricates joints. Its molecular weights can swing wildly, anywhere from under one hundred kilodaltons up to several million, depending on how companies slice or ferment it. High-molecular-weight forms lay down a thick, cushioning gel. Lower ones sneak deeper into tissue or rinse more easily in solutions. In water, it doesn't just dissolve like sugar; instead, it swells out and forms a soft gel, which makes it a champion at smoothing and cushioning surfaces.
For companies, sticking to strict numbers signals safety and ensures the powder or gel does its job. Sodium hyaluronate for pharmaceutical use must meet tight limits: water content often capped at less than 10%, microbial contamination kept almost nil, and molecular weight restricted depending on the intended use. In eyedrops and injectables, European Pharmacopeia or United States Pharmacopeia standards outline acceptable levels of heavy metals, endotoxins, and residual proteins from the fermentation broth. Labels always need to state not only quantity per dose, but whether the product grew from animal tissues or via bacteria. As someone who’s waded through the ingredient lists on everything from cheap serums to prescription injectables, I’ve seen how even the same compound can differ entirely in purity, safety, and claims.
The old practice of scraping rooster combs for hyaluronic acid dropped away as fermentation took over. Industrial-scale processes usually start with strains of Streptococcus zooepidemicus swimming in sugar-rich broth tanks under tightly controlled temperatures. After days of growth, technicians separate the soup, filter out by-products and proteins, then purify the remaining liquid with solvents, centrifuges, and sometimes column chromatography. Once pure, the acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium hyaluronate. Drying follows, often by freeze-drying to get a fluffy powder. Some producers slice this into smaller fragments for deeper skin penetration or alternative benefits. Final vials or sachets undergo sterile packing inside cleanrooms. While manufacturing keeps improving, contaminated or impure lots still occasionally slip through, reinforcing the need for industry oversight.
Scientists never stop tinkering with sodium hyaluronate. By crosslinking molecules through agents like BDDE (1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether), they extend the ingredient’s life in the body—this stuff sticks around in dermal fillers for months. Other tweaks add sulfate groups or attach peptides, boosting activity in wound care or drug delivery. Some companies load it with silver or zinc, producing gels that speed up healing or kill microbes. These modifications open up fresh applications but also create safety questions; any tweak changes not only how the compound feels or acts, but sometimes how long it stays in tissue or what side effects it triggers.
You’ll find sodium hyaluronate under plenty of names. Some call it “hyaluronan sodium salt,” others stick to “sodium hyaluronate.” In personal care, marketing adds flourish with names like Hyalufix, Hyasol, or HyaCare. Medical brands include Ostenil, Healon, and Amvisc. Meanwhile, supplements hide it behind labels such as “microbial hyaluronic acid” or even “sodium salt of hyaluronic acid.” This patchwork of titles can create confusion for people switching between doctors, brands, or overseas products—in my experience, knowing the technical name saves plenty of headaches in a global marketplace.
Keeping sodium hyaluronate safe involves more than filtering out bacteria. Medical applications undergo sterilization—pressurized steam, gamma radiation, or filtration—plus multiple purity tests. Crosslinked or chemically altered forms require added scrutiny since new side-products or lingering solvents can spark allergic responses. Labels outline exact concentration, base source, potential allergens, and lot numbers for traceability. Workplaces mix and fill it in allergen-controlled, dust-filtered clean rooms, and any spill on floors tends to turn surprisingly slippery—a real hazard. Industry guidelines enforce maximum allowed levels for endotoxins and residual protein, while regulatory agencies push anyone making or selling the compound to keep up with changing best practices. In food or cosmetics, extra steps like microbial challenge tests and stability trials cut risks for consumers.
Doctors inject sodium hyaluronate straight into arthritic knees, hips, or even eye sockets to ease movement and pain. Eye drops packed with the ingredient calm dryness or irritation, especially after surgery. Wound-care products use its gel-forming powers to dress burns, ulcers, and surgical wounds, speeding up new tissue growth and keeping microbes away. Cosmetic companies crow about smoother, softer, more supple skin in creams or serums; even cheap off-brand moisturizers feature “hyaluronic acid” stickers today. Food and supplement shops push it for joint comfort and skin hydration, promising better flex and bounce from the inside out. Dentists fill gaps with it during oral surgeries, while veterinarians turn to it for horses and dogs with joint pain. Its reach grows with each new study or technical leap in how to deliver or modify it.
More scientists steer toward sodium hyaluronate than ever before. Clinics test if its fragments can ferry drugs deep into joint or eye tissues, bypassing barriers where pills or drops fail. Research digs into combining it with growth factors for faster wound healing, or with stem cells for regenerating cartilage. In cancer therapy, it provides a “bridge” for carrying chemo drugs right to tumors; in ophthalmology, researchers try to boost how long it stays in tears for chronic dry eye. Teams keep probing new ways to tweak its molecules, making gels that tune softness and flow for everything from 3D bioprinting to tissue scaffolds. Some studies focus on making forms that can last longer inside the body, or that break down at just the right speed. My own review of clinical trial data shows hundreds of ongoing investigations worldwide—pharma giants and scrappy biotech startups want their names on the next big thing using this old molecule.
Sodium hyaluronate earned a reputation for safety, mostly because the body deals with it naturally. Still, toxicology studies stretch far. Test after test delivers the same outcome: even when animals or humans ingest or receive quite high doses, the risks of poisonous effects look slim. For injections, reactions usually stem from manufacturing leftovers, not the molecule itself. Even so, new modifications can stir trouble; reports of rare but real side effects include swelling, allergic rashes, or inflammation, especially with crosslinked fillers. High-quality medical products must prove absence of pyrogens, metals, and bacterial toxins by passing extensive safety panels before getting a green light. In cosmetics, eye irritation tests and patch studies run before new brands hit the market. Careful follow-up in real patients uncovers rare delayed reactions, pushing regulatory bodies to demand longer-term studies for newer products.
Sodium hyaluronate will not stop at soothing dry eyes or easing sore joints. Its future lies in more targeted drug delivery, regenerative surgery, and personalized cosmetic formulas. Research groups want to stitch it into tissue scaffolds that regrow cartilage, cornea, or even heart valves. Home care moves toward spray-on or microneedle patches letting the compound sink faster and deeper. Some companies already bet on bioengineered versions loaded with extra features—way beyond what animal tissues ever provided. As regulatory science grows stricter, robust labeling and manufacturing controls will matter more than slick marketing. Eco-conscious shoppers and doctors both expect cleaner processes, careful traceability, and lower waste. I see it playing an even bigger role as techniques for breaking or building up its chains open doors for more creative and precise medical, nutritional, and self-care products.
Sodium hyaluronate often pops up on product labels in the beauty aisle. It’s a form of hyaluronic acid that manufacturers choose because of its smaller molecular size, letting it dive deeper into the skin. I’ve spent years reading ingredients and talking to dermatologists for both personal and professional reasons, and this one shows up again and again—with good cause.
Skin dries out fast these days. Between cold winds, indoor heat, sun, and pollution, moisture loss comes easy. Sodium hyaluronate draws moisture from the air and locks it in. Think of it as a powerful magnet for water—one gram can hold almost six liters. I live in a city with harsh winters, and after testing a moisturizer containing this ingredient for three months, my face showed less flakiness and didn’t feel tight in the evenings. Scientific studies support these personal findings. Research published in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology points out that topical sodium hyaluronate increases skin moisture content and reduces dryness.
Aging and stress change skin texture. Fine lines show up suddenly, and skin can look dull. Sodium hyaluronate plumps the skin by delivering needed moisture to cells underneath the surface. After a few weeks of regular use, most people notice their skin looking fuller and softer to the touch. Dermatologists recommend it as a non-irritating way to boost smoothness—no needles or aggressive treatments needed.
Dermatology clinics use sodium hyaluronate after treatments like peels and laser therapy. It promotes healing by soaking water into weakened skin, forming a gentle barrier. I have friends with eczema and rosacea who often feel cautious about new products, but sodium hyaluronate rarely triggers a reaction. It works for sensitive types because it mimics substances already found in healthy skin.
Sodium hyaluronate doesn’t just fix short-term dryness. Regular use protects skin from further moisture loss. Over time, a daily moisturizer with this ingredient strengthens the natural barrier. The American Academy of Dermatology singles it out for supporting the skin’s long-term health, especially for aging populations.
Plenty of bottles boast about sodium hyaluronate, but formulas matter. Some cheap lotions water it down or add fragrances that irritate sensitive skin. Products with a higher concentration and simple ingredient lists tend to do the best job. I study ingredient lists and pick fragrance-free, dye-free products—less risk, better results.
Sodium hyaluronate doesn’t perform miracles. It helps restore moisture, giving skin a fresher look, but it won’t erase wrinkles or reverse years of sun damage overnight. Adding it to a skincare routine, combined with sunscreen and gentle cleansing, delivers real changes. As more people pay attention to transparent ingredients, learning about sodium hyaluronate gives us another tool for healthy, comfortable skin at any age.
Sodium hyaluronate, often labeled as a hydration hero, keeps making waves in skincare routines and product line-ups. This ingredient is a salt form of hyaluronic acid, well known for drawing and holding onto water in the skin. As someone prone to parched skin patches, I’ve turned to moisturizers promising a tall glass of water for my face more times than I’d like to admit. Sodium hyaluronate caught my eye not because of marketing, but because my own flaky red patches disappeared after consistent use.
Moisture is essential for all skin. After sifting through research, the role of sodium hyaluronate becomes clear: it has a smaller molecular size compared to straight-up hyaluronic acid, so it works its way into the top layers. A single gram of hyaluronic acid can hold up to six liters of water, and this salt version delivers the same hydration punch. That’s not just industry boasting. Clinical reviews and dermatology journals back up its ability to ward off skin dehydration and fine lines, boosting skin’s plumpness. As a daily commuter constantly in dry, recycled air, I’ve felt and seen the difference firsthand, especially through harsh winter days.
On paper, sodium hyaluronate reads as safe and soothing for nearly everyone, whether you’re oily, dry, acne-prone, or sensitive. Peer-reviewed studies report that even those with more reactive skin rarely experience flare-ups with this ingredient. For oily skin, this hydrator feels feather-light and non-greasy. Dry types drink up its water-binding skills. Even those battling breakouts get comfort rather than clogged pores, as it doesn’t suffocate or feed bacteria like some heavy creams can.
The reality gets slightly more complicated for certain groups. People with very, very sensitive skin, especially those with eczema or allergy histories, sometimes can’t tolerate additives that ride along with sodium hyaluronate in gels, serums, or creams. Preservatives, fragrances, or other filler ingredients trigger reactions more often than the sodium hyaluronate itself. I’ve known friends who had to patch test everything before slathering it on, and dermatologists often suggest starting with the lowest concentration just to be sure.
Sodium hyaluronate’s biggest selling point—drawing moisture—might bite back in low-humidity environments. In very dry air, this powerhouse can pull water out of the deeper layers of your skin rather than from the air around you. I’ve experienced a tight, almost parched feeling after layering it under makeup during a trip to the Rockies. A dermatologist helped me out with a simple tip: apply sodium hyaluronate products onto damp skin, then seal it in with a moisturizer that contains some oils or protective ingredients. That routine kept my skin from drying out, even in less-than-friendly weather.
Dermatologists, including professionals from the American Academy of Dermatology, regularly recommend sodium hyaluronate for building healthy skin barriers. Academic reviews—published in journals like Skin Pharmacology and Physiology—show the ingredient supports everything from wound healing to reducing inflammation. For people with conditions like psoriasis or rosacea, gentle application under medical supervision works best. Most allergic reactions stem from the blend, not the sodium hyaluronate itself. Transparency from skincare brands about concentrations and ingredient lists makes a difference for those of us with unpredictable skin days.
Sticking with well-known brands that share detailed ingredient info and patch testing new products at home both reduce chances of surprise reactions. Combining sodium hyaluronate with a barrier-protecting moisturizer locks in its benefits for all skin types. People in low-humidity climates might set up a humidifier to keep that hydration working for them, not against them. No miracle ingredient fixes every skin concern, but sodium hyaluronate, paired with practical know-how, comes close for a wide range of folks.
Plenty of people scan their ingredients with the hope of spotting something that will actually make a difference. Both sodium hyaluronate and hyaluronic acid sound like technical jargon from a lab, yet bottles ranging from drugstore to high-end proudly tout these words. Sit in a dermatologist’s office and you’ll hear folks talking about moisture and plumpness, but most everyday users get mixed signals about which one to trust.
Sodium hyaluronate isn’t just a fancy label; it’s the salt form of hyaluronic acid, usually created to be more stable and resilient. The science says this salt form carries a smaller molecular size. That means it dives much deeper into the skin layers, bringing water where it actually counts. Hyaluronic acid, in its natural state, has those big molecules that sit closer to the surface. They do a great job at smoothing over the appearance of dry patches, but they tend to stay shallow.
Personal experience backs up what dermatology tends to emphasize: products using sodium hyaluronate deliver hydration that lasts through a long day at work or even after braving dry winter air. The science offers clues as to why. A study published in the Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology notes that sodium hyaluronate’s smaller molecule size lets it reach deeper tissue layers, where it helps skin actually retain water. This makes it more than a quick fix for tightness. On the other hand, hyaluronic acid’s larger molecules hold water on the very top, so skin feels softer for a while, but the impact fades as the day drags on.
Drugstores and beauty counters alike push both of these ingredients as must-haves, leaving buyers guessing whether to save or splurge. From reading ingredient lists, people learn that just spotting “hyaluronic acid” doesn’t guarantee the product uses the salt form. Some brands prioritize sodium hyaluronate because it holds up better to air and light, and it mixes easily into serums and creams. Others stick with classic hyaluronic acid because it’s instantly recognizable. Marketing likes to claim both deliver miracles, but some of the best value comes from understanding which product matches your skin’s needs, not just believing the latest commercial.
Trying both forms on sensitive skin after a week in the mountains highlighted the trade-offs. Hyaluronic acid felt rich at first but left skin thirsty within hours. The serum that included sodium hyaluronate kept cheeks from flaking, without that waxy film that some big-name products leave behind. Dermatologists often offer similar feedback—look for the ingredients that are listed high up on the label and stay wary of products that throw around both words without real intent.
So many people get stuck buying trendy products without knowing the science behind them. Brands could do better by teaching buyers that sodium hyaluronate works deeper, and that both ingredients matter for different reasons. For truly healthy skin, people should check not just for either hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate, but also for complementary ingredients like ceramides, niacinamide, and a gentle moisturizer. Labels can confuse, but a little research and some personal trial go a long way toward finding what actually hydrates over the long haul.
Every trip down the skincare aisle seems to end with someone asking about hyaluronic acid or its cousin, sodium hyaluronate. Ever since magazines and dermatologists started touting its benefits, routine use has turned into a ritual for many. Still, beneath the glossy labels and influencer hype lives a real question: Is it safe to use this ingredient daily? Or do we risk overdoing it?
Sodium hyaluronate comes from hyaluronic acid, a compound our bodies naturally produce. It holds water like nothing else, helping skin feel plump and refreshed. Unlike heavier creams or oils, this ingredient doesn’t sit on the surface or clog pores. Instead, thanks to its tiny molecular size, it makes a home in deeper skin layers, drawing in water like a sponge.
Most people can use sodium hyaluronate twice daily—morning and night. In my own routine, putting it on after cleansing keeps my skin from feeling tight or flaky, especially as I move between dry winters and muggy summers. It works well layered under sunscreen, makeup, or even richer moisturizers. Brands often design these formulas to be lightweight, so you won’t feel greasy or sticky after applying.
Dermatologists back up this schedule too. The American Academy of Dermatology notes that humectants like sodium hyaluronate fit comfortably into most routines, including for those with sensitive or acne-prone skin. Instead of causing breakouts, the gentle hydration soothes dryness and keeps the skin barrier healthy. A 2021 study in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology suggests daily use supports skin smoothness and elasticity without triggering irritation for most users.
Not every experience lines up neatly. If your skin feels extra sensitive—say, due to prescription retinoids or after an intense in-office treatment—easing back to every other day helps. Some folks notice dryness if they use humectants alone in very dry climates, mostly because water can evaporate out of your skin faster than it stays in. To get around this, pair sodium hyaluronate with a layer of a simple moisturizer to lock things in.
Skin allergies are rare, but not impossible. Patch testing new products before smearing your whole face protects you from surprises, especially if you’ve dealt with eczema or contact dermatitis in the past.
Years of research point to the same takeaway: sodium hyaluronate works well over the long haul. Regular use doesn’t thin the skin or mess with natural oil production. Instead, by helping skin hold onto water, it makes everything else in your routine work better—whether targeting fine lines or stubborn dry patches.
People sometimes forget the power of water retention in skin health. Studies say that hydrated skin not only looks smoother but resists environmental stress better. Since sodium hyaluronate is both safe and effective, its reputation as a foundation ingredient feels well-earned.
Daily use, one or two times, helps most people keep the feel of soft, comfortable skin. Don’t wait for dry spells or the panic of a breakout to lean on it. Trusting the science means giving your skin steady, reliable care. Keep an eye on how your own skin reacts, adjust with the seasons, and back up hydration with a balanced routine. With this approach, the difference isn’t just in the mirror—it’s in how you feel each day.
Walk through any drugstore aisle and you’ll spot sodium hyaluronate in countless creams, serums, and eye drops. Dermatologists use it to plump up tired skin. Orthopedic surgeons inject it to soothe aching knees. Ophthalmologists reach for it during eye surgeries. The sheer number of uses rings a bell: here’s something widely trusted, and for the most part, safe. That doesn’t mean side effects never crop up, or that everyone will walk away trouble-free.
Speaking from experience as someone who has reached for those hyaluronic acid serums each winter, irritation rarely shows up on my skin. Most folks who try it report the same. Still, some do get redness, itching, or bumps. The culprit usually isn't the molecule itself—they react to added fragrances or preservatives. In hospitals, where sodium hyaluronate pops up in eye surgeries or joint injections, it gets a close watch. It enjoys a solid reputation there, backed by decades of research. That said, some patients leave the doctor’s office with swelling, tenderness, or brief discomfort at the injection site.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine (2022) tracked people receiving joint injections. Their review pointed out that side effects leaned toward the mild side: swelling at the knee, a slight fever, or soreness that eased within days. Serious trouble—like allergic reactions or infection—popped up rarely, usually in those allergic to animal proteins or preservatives. These findings match what the FDA puts out for general consumers: common risks stay mild with standard medical care.
Some see “natural” in the marketing pitch or feel reassured that the body makes its own hyaluronic acid. That comfort, though, shouldn't shut down questions. An injectable version isn’t the same as what the body produces. Medical injections often use sodium hyaluronate pulled from animal sources or engineered using bacteria, both safe by design but not identical to our own. The difference means risk isn’t zero—something to weigh when your doctor talks you through options. Allergic reactions don’t show up for most, but for the handful who react, it feels anything but routine.
Reading labels, talking with a doctor, and sharing allergy histories help. Not every skin product has the same formula—fragrance-free or hypoallergenic formulas cut down the risk for those with sensitivities. For medical procedures, doctors run through history to rule out animal allergies or immune trouble. Routine safety steps like careful sterilization and post-treatment care drop the odds of infection way down.
More transparent ingredient lists and less marketing fluff would help people make better choices, especially those managing autoimmune conditions or allergies. Doctors and pharmacists can do plenty to keep patients in the loop about what to expect after treatment—things to watch for and simple ways to ease any swelling or pain.
Sodium hyaluronate improves a lot of people’s lives, from easing arthritic knees to healing dry eyes. The side effects rarely stop folks from using it, but skipping the homework can send the rare few down a rocky path. Every patient and shopper deserves detail, not just a promise on a bottle or a nod from an ad. A bit more candor on risks, from both healthcare teams and manufacturers, keeps those choices rooted in real experience—not hype.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Sodium (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→3)-(β-D-glucopyranosyluronic acid)-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranuronate |
| Other names |
Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt Sodium Hyaluronan Sodium Hyaluronate Solution Sodium Salt of Hyaluronic Acid SH Na-HA |
| Pronunciation | /ˌsoʊ.di.əm haɪˌæl.jʊˈroʊ.neɪt/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Sodium; (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxyacetyl)oxyoxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5,6-trihydroxyhexanal |
| Other names |
Hyaluronic Acid Sodium Salt Sodium hyaluronan SodiuM hyaluronate Hyaluronate sodium Sodium hyaluronate USP |
| Pronunciation | /ˌsəʊdiəm haɪəˈljuːrəneɪt/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 9067-32-7 |
| Beilstein Reference | '3938475' |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:71189 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201543 |
| ChemSpider | 20344105 |
| DrugBank | DB08818 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.039.861 |
| EC Number | 206-113-9 |
| Gmelin Reference | 78043 |
| KEGG | C01780 |
| MeSH | D020814 |
| PubChem CID | 22833565 |
| RTECS number | MW6321000 |
| UNII | MI190Q2AEE |
| UN number | UN2811 |
| CAS Number | 9067-32-7 |
| Beilstein Reference | 3585354 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:71263 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1201560 |
| ChemSpider | 82119 |
| DrugBank | DB08818 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.760 |
| EC Number | 206-638-5 |
| Gmelin Reference | 58262 |
| KEGG | C14151 |
| MeSH | D017521 |
| PubChem CID | 24766 |
| RTECS number | MWG370000 |
| UNII | 9G34HU7RV0 |
| UN number | UN number: Not assigned |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | urn:epa.compToxDashboard:DTXSID8050849 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | NaC14H20NNaO11 |
| Molar mass | 403.31 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.80-1.20 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -11.0 |
| Acidity (pKa) | pKa ≈ 3.0 |
| Basicity (pKb) | ~7.7 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.347 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 0 D |
| Chemical formula | C14H22NNaO11 |
| Molar mass | 398.32 g/mol |
| Appearance | White or almost white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 0.21 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -11.9 |
| Acidity (pKa) | ~3.0 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.347–1.424 |
| Viscosity | 300 - 1500 cP (1% solution) |
| Dipole moment | '0 D' |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 428.1 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | S01KA01 |
| ATC code | S01KA01 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Causes eye irritation. |
| GHS labelling | GHS labelling: Not classified as hazardous according to GHS |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | No hazard statements. |
| Precautionary statements | Precautionary statements: P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 0-0-0 |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): >2000 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH | Not listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 2 mg/kg bw |
| Main hazards | May cause eye, skin, and respiratory irritation. |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | No Signal Word |
| Hazard statements | No hazard statements. |
| Precautionary statements | IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 0-0-0 |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (Rat, Oral): > 5000 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | Oral |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Hyaluronic acid Potassium hyaluronate Calcium hyaluronate Chondroitin sulfate Collagen Glucosamine Sodium alginate |
| Related compounds |
Hyaluronic acid Potassium hyaluronate Calcium hyaluronate Sodium chondroitin sulfate Sodium alginate |
