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Product Name: Phosphoric Acid
Chemical Formula: H3PO4
Synonyms: Orthophosphoric Acid, Phosphoric(V) Acid
CAS Number: 7664-38-2
Recommended Use: Used in fertilizers, food additives, dental treatments, detergents, water treatment, rust removal, and as a chemical reagent.
Supplier Information: Company name, full address, emergency phone number, and contact details for advice or support
Emergency Contact: Local poison center, 24-hours emergency response hotline, and medical guidance service numbers
Hazard Class: Corrosive to skin, serious eye damage/irritation
GHS Pictograms: Corrosion symbol, Exclamation mark
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin burns and serious eye damage; may cause respiratory irritation
Precautionary Statements: Do not breathe mist, vapors, or spray; wear protective gloves, clothing, eye and face protection; wash hands thoroughly after handling; use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
Potential Health Effects: Burns mouth/throat if swallowed, can damage eye tissue leading to vision loss, inhalation causes coughing and shortness of breath, direct contact burns skin
NFPA Ratings (Health/Flammability/Reactivity): 3/0/2
Substance: Phosphoric Acid
Chemical Formula: H3PO4
CAS Number: 7664-38-2
Concentration: 75% w/w or higher in concentrated forms, with remaining balance as water
Impurities: Trace metals or other acids present in technical grade samples
Inhalation: Remove person to fresh air immediately, monitor for breathing difficulty, provide oxygen or artificial respiration if necessary, seek medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin with plenty of running water for at least 15 minutes, use mild soap if possible, contact a healthcare provider
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with gentle stream of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids, seek immediate ophthalmological attention
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth thoroughly, offer small amounts of water, call poison control or a doctor at once
Most Important Symptoms: Severe burning pain, red or blistered skin, tearing, impaired vision, coughing, difficulty breathing
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide
Specific Hazards: Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas, which can form explosive mixtures with air; thermal decomposition releases toxic phosphorus oxides
Protective Equipment: Full protective gear including acid-resistant suit and respiratory protection
Special Procedures: Cool containers with water spray from safe distance, do not allow runoff water to enter sewers or water sources
Personal Precautions: Wear acid-resistant gloves, goggles, long sleeves, and chemical-resistant boots; ventilate the area
Environmental Precautions: Keep spilled acid away from drains, waterways, and soil; notify local authorities if water contamination threatens
Spill Clean-Up: Absorb spill with inert material (sand, earth, vermiculite), collect and contain waste in acid-resistant, labeled drums; neutralize with lime or soda ash, clean remaining traces with water
Procedure for Large Spills: Evacuate area, contain spill, prevent release to environment, consult hazardous materials team
Safe Handling: Always wear eye and skin protection; avoid inhaling vapors; handle under local exhaust or fume hood
Storage Requirements: Store in tightly closed, corrosion-resistant containers in cool, well-ventilated area; avoid contact with water, bases, active metals, and combustible materials
Incompatibilities: Reactive with alkalis, cyanides, sulfides, many organic materials, and metals such as aluminum, magnesium
Other Precautions: Keep out of reach of children; store away from food and drink; maintain dedicated chemical storage area
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 1 mg/m3 TWA; ACGIH TLV: 1 mg/m3 TWA, 3 mg/m3 STEL
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hoods or local ventilation to reduce vapor and mist
Personal Protective Equipment: Wear chemical splash goggles, acid-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), full-length clothing; in high exposure settings, choose full-face shield, apron, and boots
Respiratory Protection: Use NIOSH-approved acid vapor respirator if ventilation falls short
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands before eating or drinking, remove contaminated clothing immediately
Appearance: Clear, colorless, syrupy liquid
Odor: Odorless or slight acidic smell
Melting Point: 21°C for pure acid
Boiling Point: 158°C at atmospheric pressure
Density: 1.88 g/cm3 (at 25°C for concentrated acid)
Solubility in Water: Readily mixes with water, releases heat
pH: Strongly acidic (≈1, depending on solution strength)
Vapor Pressure: 0.03 mm Hg at 20°C
Flash Point: Not flammable
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and recommended storage
Reactivity: Reacts with active metals to generate flammable hydrogen gas; reacts violently with bases; capable of hydrolyzing with release of heat
Decomposition Products: Phosphorus oxides, including POx
Hazardous Polymerization: Does not occur
Conditions to Avoid: High heat, contact with water during storage, incompatible substances
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 1530 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50 (rat, 2hr): 25.5 mg/L
Skin Contact: Causes redness, pain, and deep burns; prolonged contact destroys tissue
Eye Contact: Blurred vision, injury to eye tissue, irreversible damage possible
Inhalation: Sore throat, cough, respiratory distress; severe cases can damage lung tissue
Chronic Effects: Chronic exposure triggers skin dermatitis, dental erosion, and upper respiratory symptoms
Carcinogenicity: Not listed as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Mutagenicity: No evidence from current data
Other Effects: Ingestion can harm mucous membranes, esophagus, stomach lining; death possible in severe overdose
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms due to acidity; rapid decrease in pH kills fish, invertebrates, and plant life
Persistence and Degradability: Breaks down into phosphate ions; not persistent under natural environmental conditions
Bioaccumulation: Does not build up in aquatic organisms
Mobility in Soil: Highly mobile; phosphate can bind soils over time
Other Hazards: Eutrophication risk in natural water causes harmful algal blooms and oxygen depletion
Wastewater Impact: Discharge requires neutralization; must meet local effluent guidelines
Waste Treatment Methods: Neutralize using lime or soda ash, then flush with water; collect soluble phosphates for proper disposal
Storage of Waste: Use sealable, corrosion-resistant containers, label with hazard class and contents
Regulatory Requirements: Dispose via licensed hazardous waste contractor; comply with national, regional, and local regulations
Precautions: Never pour down drains, toilets, or into surface water; do not mix with household waste
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse thoroughly and dispose following chemical safety guidelines
UN Number: UN 1805
UN Proper Shipping Name: Phosphoric Acid Solution
Transport Hazard Class(es): 8 (Corrosive)
Packing Group: III
Labels Required: Corrosive label (Class 8)
Shipping Considerations: Use tightly sealed, corrosion-proof containers; keep upright; prevent leaks
Special Precautions for Transport: Keep away from incompatible substances; ensure emergency response information travels with shipment
OSHA Status: Regulated as hazardous chemical
SARA Title III: Listed under Sections 311/312 as acute health hazard
TSCA Status: Listed
WHMIS Classification (Canada): E (Corrosive), D2B (Other Toxic Effects)
EU Regulations: Classified as Corrosive, risk phrases R34 (causes burns), R41 (serious eye damage); Safety phrases S26, S45
Other National/Local Rules: Check country-specific chemical inventory and worker exposure limits
