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Product Name: Manganese Oxide
Chemical Formula: MnO or MnO2 (common forms)
CAS Number: 1313-13-9 (for MnO2), 1344-43-0 (for MnO)
Synonyms: Manganese(IV) oxide, Pyrolusite, Manganous oxide
Manufacturer/Supplier: Refer to label or purchase source
Emergency Contact: Local emergency services or regional poison control
Recommended Use: Industrial chemical, ceramics, dry cell batteries, pigment, water treatment
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, inhalation), Eye irritation, Specific target organ toxicity
Pictograms: Exclamation mark, Health hazard
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed or inhaled, Causes eye irritation, May cause damage to nervous system through prolonged or repeated exposure
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust or fumes, Wash thoroughly after handling, Do not eat, drink or smoke when using, Wear eye protection, Use with adequate ventilation
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Main Symptoms: Respiratory irritation, cough, headache, dizziness, nausea, muscular weakness
Chemical Identity: Manganese dioxide (MnO2), Manganese monoxide (MnO)
Concentration: 98% or higher (industrial-grade)
Impurities: Trace metals and mineral oxides can include iron, silicon, or other transition metals depending on source
Molecular Weight: 86.94 g/mol (MnO2), 70.94 g/mol (MnO)
Appearance: Grey to black powder, odorless
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air, keep at rest. Seek medical attention if symptoms such as coughing or shortness of breath continue.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin with plenty of water and soap. Contact a doctor if irritation persists.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy to do, continue rinsing. Seek medical advice for irritation.
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel. Obtain medical attention if feeling unwell.
Advice to Physicians: Treat symptomatically, focus on respiratory and neurological systems.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam.
Specific Hazards: Substance is not easily combustible, but heating may produce toxic metal fumes.
Protective Equipment: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective gear.
Special Procedures: Cool fire-exposed containers with water fog, contain runoff to prevent environmental contamination, avoid inhaling fumes.
Personal Precautions: Restrict access to area, use gloves, goggles, and dust mask or respirator.
Spill Response: Ventilate area, avoid creating dust, collect material using dry methods such as sweeping or vacuum with HEPA filter.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent releases into waterways, drains, and soil to avoid contamination.
Cleanup Methods: Collect spilled material in containers for disposal, use damp cloth to pick up residues, wash area thoroughly with water after removal.
Handling: Work in well-ventilated spaces, minimize dust generation, avoid contact with skin and eyes, keep away from incompatible materials like strong acids and reducing agents.
Storage: Store in tightly closed containers, in cool and dry conditions, away from food and feedstuffs, labeled appropriately. Keep separated from acids and combustibles to reduce risk of hazardous reactions.
Storage Temperature: Ambient environmental temperatures, avoid extremes of heat and moisture.
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL (TWA): 5 mg/m³ (as Mn), ACGIH TLV: 0.02 mg/m³ (respirable fraction, as Mn), NIOSH REL: 1 mg/m³ (ceiling)
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, use of closed systems for high dust environments readily reduce exposure.
Personal Protective Equipment: Respirator (N95 or higher in dusty areas), chemical safety goggles, acid-resistant gloves, long-sleeved work clothing. Facilities should offer eyewash stations and safety showers.
Appearance: Fine, heavy black-to-brown or green powder
Odor: Odorless
pH: Not applicable (insoluble in water)
Melting Point: 535°C (MnO), 535°C (MnO2 decomposes)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water
Density: About 5.4 g/cm³ (MnO2)
Vapor Pressure: Not applicable
Other Properties: Stable under recommended storage conditions, non-flammable, high surface area in powder form.
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal ambient temperatures and pressure
Reactivity: Inert with most substances, reacts with strong acids to release toxic manganese fumes
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids, strong reducing agents, hydrogen peroxide, combustible materials
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Manganese oxides, toxic metal fumes if exposed to high temperatures or acids
Conditions to Avoid: Incompatible materials, elevated temperatures, uncontrolled dust generation.
Health Effects: Chronic exposure leads to manganese poisoning (manganism), showing symptoms such as tremors, muscle stiffness, hallucinations, and memory issues much like Parkinson's disease. Acute exposure causes respiratory irritation, nausea, headaches, and weakness. There is no evidence of carcinogenicity in humans by current standards.
Routes of Entry: Inhalation through dust, ingestion, minimal risk from intact skin contact
Target Organs: Central nervous system, lungs
Sensitization: Not classed as a dermal or respiratory sensitizer
Other Hazards: Risk heightened in poorly ventilated environments or with prolonged exposure, especially in battery or welding industries.
LD50 Oral (rat): ~900 mg/kg (for MnO2)
Aquatic Toxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms at high concentrations, can disrupt fish gill function and accumulate in sediments
Persistence and Degradability: Inorganic compound, not biodegradable but gradually transforms in natural environments by oxidation or reduction
Bioaccumulation: Manganese compounds can accumulate in plants and aquatic life with long-term exposure, leading to ecological imbalances
Mobility in Soil: Low mobility, binds to clay and organic matter in soils, runoff possible in acidic conditions
Other Environmental Hazards: Runoff from spills or inappropriate disposal impacts surface water and soil quality, affecting crops and wildlife
Waste Treatment Methods: Collect and place in sealed containers, dispose at licensed hazardous waste facility.
Safe Disposal: Do not discharge into sewers or waterways, avoid incineration unless facility is equipped for toxic metals.
Recycling: Manganese oxide can be recycled in some sectors such as steel or battery industry if clean and pure.
Disposal Regulations: Follow regional, national, and international waste regulations for hazardous materials to minimize impact on environment and health.
UN Number: Not classified as a dangerous good for transport by most standards, but some manganese compounds may require classification
Proper Shipping Name: Manganese oxide
Packing Group: Not regulated
Transport Hazard Class: Not considered hazardous for air, sea, or land transport in most jurisdictions
Special Precautions: Protect from damage, keep containers tightly closed, label packaging clearly with hazard information and handling precautions.
TSCA: Listed in U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
REACH Registration: Registered in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006
OSHA: Covered under Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)
SARA Title III: Subject to inventory reporting. Section 313 covered chemical
Other Regulations: Subject to local and national worker protection standards, environmental discharge limits, and waste disposal requirements
Labeling Requirements: Product labels must include hazard identification, precautionary instructions, and emergency contact information as per OSHA and GHS guidelines.
