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Litsea cubeba, often known as May Chang, traces its roots to Southeast Asia, growing wild and yet deeply ingrained in the everyday traditions of the region. Folk remedies once leaned heavily on this aromatic oil to address everything from digestive issues to respiratory discomfort. Throughout the 20th century, as global trade expanded, the recognition of its lemony scent piqued the interest of essential oil producers. Over the decades, improvements in steam distillation and extraction reflected the increasing demand from perfumery and food industries. Modern facilities dialed up both yield and purity, but local farmers kept their knowledge close, passing down tips on harvest timing for peak oil content. Rather than fading into obscurity like some wild botanicals, Litsea cubeba adapted and spread, securing a spot in both traditions and emerging markets.
Vials of Litsea cubeba oil greet you with a sharp citrus punch, something unmistakable. The oil pours out straw-yellow or pale amber, quite fluid and easy to handle. Its appeal runs far beyond scent. Manufacturers, perfumers, and food chemists prize it for its brisk aroma profile and ease of incorporation into an array of finished products. Sometimes it acts as a flavor boost, other times as a key fragrance note. In clean-label cosmetics, the oil’s natural origin gives it credibility that synthetic fragrances just can’t match. Dozens of brands worldwide list “Litsea cubeba oil” or May Chang among their ingredients, while other names like tropical verbena, mountain pepper, or exotic verbena occasionally appear on labels targeting more niche audiences.
The properties of Litsea cubeba oil speak largely to its therapeutic and commercial standing. At room temperature, the oil displays a clear, pale yellow appearance. It carries a vibrant lemony aroma that comes from a high concentration of citral, which typically ranges from 65% to 85% of the total oil. Alongside citral, the oil contains components such as limonene, linalool, and various minor terpenes. Its density falls between 0.87 and 0.89 g/cm³, while the refractive index usually falls within 1.450 to 1.460. This consistency allows product formulators to anticipate how the oil interacts with other ingredients. The flash point sits around 66°C, making storage and transport fairly straightforward by essential oil standards. Stability under typical storage conditions helps ensure shelf life, although light and heat can speed up oxidation and reduce aroma quality.
Industry buyers often require certificates spelling out technical specs: citral content, physical measures like optical rotation, and residue levels. Regulatory authorities look for accurate labeling given the potential for confusion with other citrusy oils. Approaches to certification and standardized testing vary by country, but GC-MS reports and documentation confirming absence of heavy metals or pesticides are typical requests from larger buyers. As with many botanical extracts, traceability from field to bottle encourages trust among global customers, though small-scale producers sometimes struggle with documentation.
Producers harvest the small, pepper-like fruits at just the right window—usually when the fruits start turning yellow. Oddly enough, the timing isn’t driven by color alone; aroma and oil content also guide picking. Once gathered, the fruits get cleaned and tossed into steam distillation units. Steam passes through the fruit, vaporizing the volatile oils, which then condense into separate oil and water fractions. Post-distillation, a separation phase pulls out the essential oil, leaving behind a dilute hydrosol. No harsh chemical solvents come into play, which bolsters claims of purity and natural status in marketing materials. Some innovators have begun trialing CO₂ extraction, looking to pull different fractions or improve sustainability, but the vast majority of commercial Litsea cubeba oil still comes from steam distillation.
Traditional use depended entirely on what nature provided, but industrial applications sometimes nudge Litsea cubeba oil through additional steps. The high citral content makes it a popular feedstock for synthesizing ionone and methyl ionone, key bases for perfumery and flavorings. Citral can go through selective hydrogenation to yield compounds like citronellal or geraniol, broadening its utility in aroma chemistry. Some research labs experiment with minor modifications aiming to improve stability or mask the oil’s sometimes overpowering lemon note, especially for personal care product formulations trying to layer complex scents. Still, most end-users prefer the oil unmodified, counting on those naturally present compounds for consumer appeal and limited ingredient lists.
In the global marketplace, Litsea cubeba oil wears several hats. Trade names like May Chang, tropical verbena, or simply “cubeb oil” appear on order forms and ingredient lists. Other synonyms crop up when sellers want to tie into the citrus trend or distance themselves from overused botanical descriptors. Food-grade and cosmetic suppliers keep a close watch on consistency, often branding the oil directly according to its citral percentage or highlighting its geographical origin. Regulatory documents and scientific literature use Litsea cubeba essential oil almost exclusively, standardizing nomenclature to cut down on import confusion.
Safe use of Litsea cubeba oil depends largely on how and where it’s applied. Pure oil can cause irritation on sensitive skin when used without dilution. Safety data sheets recommend gloves and eye protection during large-scale handling. The IFRA (International Fragrance Association) sets out limits for citral-containing oils in leave-on and rinse-off products. General storage guidance emphasizes cool, dark conditions and airtight containers to slow oxidation and minimize fire hazard, given the moderate flash point. In food use, compliance with local food safety laws and flavoring limits matters more than any international set of rules. As the demand for natural fragrances and flavors grows, companies tend to invest in quality assurance labs and regular audits to satisfy auditors and keep their reputations intact.
The reach of Litsea cubeba oil continues to widen as both industries and consumers seek authentic, plant-based alternatives to synthetics. In perfumery, the oil shows up as a top note in colognes, body sprays, air fresheners, and even niche candles. The food sector leans on it for lemon flavoring in baked goods, candies, and beverages, counting on its intense aroma to stand out in formula blends. Clean-label beauty brands use it in skin tonics, soaps, and facial cleansers, promoting not just its scent but its purported antimicrobial effects. Pharmaceutical and aromatherapy circles value the oil for relaxation blends or digestive preparations, guided more by tradition than strict clinical evidence. Pet care brands experiment with it as a gentler fragrance for shampoos and sprays, although dosing must stay conservative. The versatility across sectors accounts for both its commercial endurance and rising consumer awareness.
The science behind Litsea cubeba oil grows deeper every year. Analytical labs now map out terpene content slice by slice, checking for batch-to-batch consistency and untapped minor ingredients. Some institutions have dived into breeding high-citral cultivars, trying to push oil yield or refine resistance to disease and climate stress. On the application side, product developers trial encapsulation methods to help control scent release or improve oil stability during storage and production. Evolving regulations constantly nudge manufacturers to revisit extraction methods, documentation, and trace contaminants, keeping R&D teams on their toes. Patent filings for modified molecules or new uses pop up regularly, signaling the interest in moving beyond just food and fragrance into pharma or environmental uses.
Most toxicity studies on Litsea cubeba oil focus on citral and other main terpenes. Animal skin tests at high doses have shown mild irritation, and patch tests in humans confirm the need for dilution in personal care products. Ingestion studies in rats, at doses much higher than used in foods, have not revealed any dramatic toxic effects, but regulatory agencies always err on the side of caution, setting conservative daily intake limits. Longer-term studies covering chronic exposure or subtle health effects remain scarce, representing a knowledge gap for regulators and industry alike. Allergic reactions are possible, mainly in people sensitive to citrus or with dermatitis, making clear labeling and usage guidance essential for responsible manufacturers.
The road ahead for Litsea cubeba oil looks long and promising. As big brands and indie startups both chase ingredients with short supply chains and clear label appeal, this oil fits that story. Plant breeders and geneticists are investing in higher-yielding shrubs to meet demand from both flavor and fragrance sectors. Sustainability concerns push producers to improve energy use during distillation and address the waste left after oil extraction, whether by composting or repurposing for animal feed. In parallel, advances in encapsulation and stabilization might open up new possibilities for controlled scent release or dosage in health and wellness products. More research partners will need to address gaps around allergy risk, chronic exposure, and unseen contaminants to keep the oil’s reputation strong. If history serves, Litsea cubeba oil won’t just survive the shifting interests of industry; it will adapt and thrive, riding the tide of both tradition and science.
Litsea cubeba oil, often called may chang oil, comes loaded with a lemony aroma. I find it clears out lingering odors at home quickly. A handful of drops in a diffuser, and the air smells cleaner, fresher—almost like someone left the window open on a warm spring day. This isn't just a personal quirk. Research in published journals shows its scent can help lift spirits and ease tension. No wonder health shops offer it for stress-busting blends. It's not the latest trend; in many Asian households, this oil naturally finds its way into cleaning sprays or wardrobe sachets.
Skin care brands tap Litsea cubeba oil for its purification powers. It fights germs without stripping skin or leaving a harsh chemical smell. For those of us with oily or acne-prone skin, it helps keep breakouts in check. There's a reason many face washes and toners now include this oil—studies confirm its activity against acne-related bacteria. At home, I add a few drops to a homemade hand soap recipe. The result is a gentle cleanser that actually lasts longer—probably thanks to its natural preservatives.
Getting a good night's sleep often feels out of reach. On busy days, just a whiff of this oil at bedtime signals my body to relax. The calming scent sends a message that work’s done, and winding down is the next step. Plenty of aromatherapy guides swear by it for easing the mind before bedtime. Its essential compounds, like citral, interact with our senses so our brains slow down. That sort of restful routine boosts overall well-being—more than any quick-fix sleep supplement ever has in my experience.
Litsea cubeba oil stands out for fighting not only surface grime but also airborne irritants. Those living in muggy cities, surrounded by polluted air, use it for its cleansing qualities in diffusers and sprays. Research teams have spotlighted its ability to neutralize certain mold spores and bacteria found in common home environments. This property sets it apart from less dynamic citrus oils. On camping trips, I’ll dab a couple drops on windowsills or tent flaps. Bugs steer clear of the area, likely because of the strong scent and antimicrobial punch.
Some essential oils have intense, even overwhelming, fragrances. Litsea cubeba oil plays it smoother. Its lemony notes hit that Goldilocks spot—not too sharp, not too sweet. I’ve used it in natural deodorants, and the result never causes headaches or irritation. It blends easily with lavender or sweet orange, so people with fragrance sensitivities often tolerate it better than other citrus oils. Many friends rely on it for natural skin care that doesn’t flare up eczema or sensitive patches.
A single bottle often does double-duty in my house. I splash it into laundry loads for added freshness, rub a diluted mix into sore muscles after a long hike, or drop it into candles for a mood lift. It’s one of those reliable, multi-tasking oils that earns its spot in any natural wellness kit. Clinical reviews back up much of what old wisdom has said all along—Litsea cubeba oil gets the job done naturally, effectively, and without fuss.
Litsea Cubeba oil runs on the promise of fresh, lemony vibes. Its top-note citrus scent wakes up any space. For folks like me who can feel tension pile up, Litsea Cubeba’s aroma sets the scene for some zero-nonsense focus or unwinding. The oil’s sharp but sweet fragrance quickly fills a room, and just a few drops in a diffuser cuts through mental fog. My own afternoons in front of a computer feel less stuffy when that tangy scent rolls through.
Many who deal with stress or low mood lean toward this essential oil. Studies show how citrus scents, like those in Litsea Cubeba, have a strong history of lifting mood and calming nerves. A 2011 report in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine pointed to citrus essential oils reducing anxiety in stressful settings. Litsea Cubeba’s aroma slots right into that space, often as part of blends with lavender or bergamot, adding a lively kick that pushes sluggishness aside. For anyone pacing through deadlines or burnout, inhaling this oil isn’t just pleasant—it feels like turning the volume down on background stress.
Beyond its fragrance, Litsea Cubeba oil steps up in skincare. Its citral component offers antibacterial and antifungal action. I’ve seen small brands blend diluted Litsea Cubeba oil into their toners or serums, tapping into its knack for targeting oily and acne-prone skin. A study published in Molecules in 2015 confirmed these antimicrobial effects, making the oil more than a splashy add-on. On problematic skin days, I mix a couple of drops with a neutral carrier oil to spot-treat breakouts—the redness dies down faster and my skin feels fresher.
Brightening dull skin also gets easier with this oil. The natural cleansing power helps cut through everyday grime. After sun exposure or a hectic week, using a face mask with a dash of Litsea Cubeba oil gives my skin a subtle boost. That gentle tingle and fresh feeling deliver noticeable results without harsh chemicals.
Going full strength never ends well with essential oils. Litsea Cubeba demands dilution. Direct application triggers irritation, especially if you've got sensitive skin. Most skincare experts use a ratio of one to two drops per tablespoon of base oil. Safety matters. Pregnant people, children, and those with asthma need to steer clear unless cleared by healthcare providers. Essential oils get absorbed fast; using too much or too often doesn’t add benefits, but it does invite headaches. Responsible use looks like patch tests, slow introduction, and storing the oil away from heat and sunlight.
Environmental concerns deserve a spot in this talk. Litsea Cubeba grows in Southeast Asia, mostly in China and Indonesia. Sustainable farming practices and ethical sourcing matter. Some companies put resources into transparent supply chains—avoiding overharvesting or heavy pesticide use. As consumers, asking tough questions about sourcing helps protect wild plants and the people involved in their harvest.
More people see value in natural wellness. Litsea Cubeba oil’s crisp aroma and real antibacterial abilities make it a key player in both aromatherapy and skincare. In my own home, it sits in the cabinet beside lavender and tea tree—reaching for it feels less like routine and more like a choice to cut stress and fine-tune self-care. Brighter moods and healthier skin don’t need to come with heavy scents or harsh ingredients. Small bottles, thoughtful use, and respect for natural sources go a long way.
Litsea cubeba oil, better known as may chang essential oil, gives off a lemony scent loved by fans of aromatherapy and natural wellness. Many use it to freshen up a room, lift a mood, or even for skin applications. I’ve used it now and then for its energizing smell in my home office, so I get why it’s a trending choice. Still, before adding it to routines, looking at facts around how the body reacts makes sense, especially for those with sensitive skin or respiratory issues.
All natural oils bring certain risks. Litsea cubeba has plenty of limonene and citral, both linked to skin irritation in allergy-prone people. In my own circle, one friend added it to her bath and ended up with red patches across her arms; turns out her skin was too sensitive for citrus oils in concentrated forms. The science backs this up — studies show those with existing allergies or eczema have higher odds of itching, burning, or swelling after contact.
Respiratory concerns come up often. Litsea cubeba smells invigorating, but strong essential oils can prompt headaches or even short-term breathing discomfort if diffused in small, closed rooms. Asthmatics or kids are especially at risk. People forget that not every nose tolerates intense, citrusy volatiles. Even pets react, and I know cat owners who’ve had to stop using it for this reason.
Natural doesn’t always mean harmless. Some compounds in this oil may interact with prescription medications or existing conditions. For example, those with low blood pressure need to pay attention. Some studies hint that citrus oils might contribute to drops in blood pressure. Combine that with certain heart medicines, and lightheadedness follows. If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, most doctors recommend avoiding essential oils unless cleared in advance.
Another overlooked risk sits with photosensitivity. Oils high in citral make skin more reactive to sunlight. There’s nothing fun about thinking your new lotion will calm irritation, only to face a sunburn after heading outside. Anyone making their own blends or skin care should test a small patch first and avoid sun right after use.
Basic precautions help keep things safe. Always dilute essential oils with a carrier oil before applying them to skin — coconut, almond, or jojoba work well for this purpose. Steer clear of broken, irritated, or freshly shaved skin. Opt for low concentrations at first and watch for any changes in skin or mood. For scents at home, crack a window and avoid overusing in small spaces.
Label reading matters. Trusted brands provide details on country of origin, extraction process, and expiry dates. Synthetic additives or contamination increase risks. If in doubt, reach out to a health professional or a certified aromatherapist for guidance.
Litsea cubeba oil offers a bright, refreshing experience to those who enjoy aromatherapy, but knowing the health flags will keep its use positive. By paying attention to your body’s signals, reading up on the science, and sticking to tested safety steps, anyone interested in this oil can enjoy its benefits while sidestepping trouble. Just like with any strong natural extract, listening to experience — both personal and scientific — always delivers better results.
Litsea cubeba grows across Asia, producing a small fruit with a peppery-citrus aroma. For generations, people have valued its essential oil for its uplifting scent and supposed antibacterial kick. Today, companies add it to soaps, creams, candles, and even room sprays. Aromatherapists sometimes choose this oil for its bright notes and cleansing effect in blends meant to freshen up stale spaces.
Steam distillation pulls the oil from the tiny fruits. That process leaves behind a concentrated liquid with a high amount of citral. Citral, also found in lemongrass and lemon myrtle, gives Litsea cubeba its smell. This compound has known skin-sensitizing potential. A few studies have flagged citral as an irritant, especially for sensitive skin types, including infants and those dealing with pregnancy-related changes.
Peer-reviewed research on using this oil during pregnancy or for children still looks pretty thin. Mainstream medical guidelines warn against most essential oils in pregnancy due to possible hormonal or toxic effects on the fetus. Even oils with a long history deserve skepticism when the research hasn't caught up to tradition.
The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy acknowledges Litsea cubeba as a strong oil. Experts urge extra caution with this one during pregnancy. Exposure in the first trimester especially can introduce unknown risks. During those first months, the developing nervous system can face the most disruption from chemical influences, even from natural sources. Nursing mothers face unanswered questions about how much of these aromatic compounds can pass through breast milk.
In pediatrics, babies and young children have thinner, more reactive skin than adults. Their bodies process plant chemicals differently, making adverse reactions more likely. Reports of rashes and breathing troubles have shown up in cases of poorly diluted or direct oil use near children. No authoritative body gives a green light for using Litsea cubeba around infants or toddlers, especially not on the skin or in diffusers in small, unventilated areas.
No one likes a hard “no,” but real harm can come from assuming natural means gentle. Families looking to use essential oils should always dilute them with a neutral carrier oil—sometimes 0.5% or less for the youngest. For pregnancy and early motherhood, many clinical herbalists recommend side-stepping citral-rich oils completely. Safer options like lavender or Roman chamomile—also still in diluted form—show better safety track records.
Companies must be honest about risks, especially when marketing to mothers or caregivers. Clearer labels, access to safety studies, and well-trained retail staff help consumers make smarter choices. Parents can also ask their own doctors or registered aromatherapists about any oil before using it near babies, in the bath, or in a humidifier.
Modern life puts many plant-based solutions on store shelves, and they all come with stories about purity and health. Still, essential oils pack potent chemistry in a small bottle. Understanding ingredients, demanding better research, and respecting the unique needs of pregnant people and kids matter more than ever. Nobody gains from shortcuts when family health sits in the balance.
Litsea cubeba oil, often called may chang, catches attention because of its punchy, fresh citrus scent. Most folks who get a whiff of this oil right out of the bottle think it smells like lemon candies or sparkling lemonade. That zesty aroma comes from a chemical called citral, which makes up a big portion of the oil. Researchers usually find citral levels ticking in around 65–80%. Citral’s a key player, not only in aroma but also in the way the oil tackles microbes—it helps slow down bacteria and fungi.
Aside from citral, smaller but important bits come into play. Geraniol, limonene, and linalool pop up on lab reports. Limonene adds extra juiciness and heightens the impression of fresh-cut fruit, while linalool pulls things back a touch for a softer, almost floral roundness. Geraniol, found in roses, gives a hint of sweet, rosy undercurrent in the background. All together, these components create a signature blend—clean, sharp, and lively, with no muddy undertones. Not many natural oils can pull off this kind of straightforward clarity.
Out of all the essential oils on the shelf, litsea cubeba stands apart for punch and brightness. Its scent never strikes as heavy or overpowering. Most people describe it as if you squeezed a lemon rind over bubbling seltzer water, but it’s got more spark and less bitterness than true lemon oil. Perfumers talk about its “green” finish—it leaves a fresh trail even after it’s been diluted and blended with other materials. This makes it a favorite for people who want to craft uplifting, mood-boosting fragrances for soaps, room sprays, and body mists.
It’s not just about smelling good. Breathing in that crisp, citrusy cloud has real effects. Studies highlight how it can trigger the brain’s relaxation pathways. I’ve used litsea cubeba oil in a homemade diffuser blend after stressful days, and it delivers a genuine sense of lightness—nothing cloying or medicinal, just pure, gentle energy. People battling musty indoor air have used it for years to clear up odors, thanks to its strong antimicrobial action. Mold and bacteria don’t stand a chance against citral’s power.
Modern interest in natural personal care means more people are reaching for “green” ingredients. High demand brings up questions about where and how producers grow and process litsea cubeba. Sustainable farming practices remain crucial because overharvesting wild trees hurts local ecosystems. Good producers make it a point to use farmed sources and give back to the land, protecting the long-term health of the forests in China and Southeast Asia, where the plant naturally grows.
Quality varies. Some oils get stretched out with fillers or lose their punch in the wrong storage conditions. If you want the full experience, ask suppliers about their extraction methods and testing results. Gas chromatography reports should show high citral content and very low contaminants. I look for suppliers who are upfront about sourcing and show transparency in safety and environmental standards. Investing a little time in choosing where your oil comes from pays back in scent, effectiveness, and peace of mind.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene |
| Other names |
May Chang Oil Mountain Pepper Oil Chinese Pepper Oil Exotic Verbena Oil |
| Pronunciation | /ˈlɪtsi.ə kuːˈbiːbə ɔɪl/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one |
| Other names |
May Chang Oil Mountain Pepper Oil Chinese Pepper Oil Exotica Oil |
| Pronunciation | /ˈlɪtsi.ə kuːˈbiːbə ɔɪl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 68855-99-2 |
| Beilstein Reference | 0638739 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:77956 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL68774 |
| ChemSpider | 145040 |
| DrugBank | DB14186 |
| ECHA InfoCard | The ECHA InfoCard for Litsea Cubeba Oil is: **03fbd063-7c50-40e8-8507-40a0597a64d8** |
| EC Number | 300-213-2 |
| Gmelin Reference | 10498 |
| KEGG | C09823 |
| MeSH | D016624 |
| PubChem CID | 10736 |
| RTECS number | OUA6174500 |
| UNII | F9B2R860S8 |
| UN number | UN1169 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID3025787 |
| CAS Number | 68855-99-2 |
| Beilstein Reference | Beilstein Reference: 1722201 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:78725 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL4340597 |
| ChemSpider | 23522657 |
| DrugBank | DB14093 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.274.206 |
| EC Number | 289-220-3 |
| Gmelin Reference | 8227 |
| KEGG | C09747 |
| MeSH | D058289 |
| PubChem CID | 91600435 |
| RTECS number | PY8040000 |
| UNII | 8486673P2S |
| UN number | UN1169 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID4042020 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C10H18O |
| Molar mass | undefined |
| Appearance | Light yellow to yellow clear liquid |
| Odor | Fresh, sweet, citrus, fruity |
| Density | 0.870 - 0.888 |
| Solubility in water | insoluble |
| log P | 2.9 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.38 mmHg @ 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | 5.8 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.85 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.480 - 1.490 |
| Viscosity | Mobile liquid |
| Dipole moment | 2.45 D |
| Chemical formula | C10H18O |
| Molar mass | The molar mass of Litsea Cubeba Oil is variable, as it is a mixture of compounds rather than a single molecule. |
| Appearance | Pale yellow to yellow clear liquid |
| Odor | Fresh, sweet, lemon-like |
| Density | 0.870 - 0.891 g/ml |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 2.8 |
| Vapor pressure | Vapor pressure: 0.322 mmHg @ 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | pKa ≈ 4.8 |
| Basicity (pKb) | pKb: 15.99 |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.4820 - 1.4940 |
| Viscosity | Mobile liquid |
| Dipole moment | 1.7821 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 317.0 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -35.2 kJ/g |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 489.0 J/mol·K |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -35.3 MJ/kg |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS02, GHS07, GHS08 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H317, H319, H411 |
| Precautionary statements | P210, P273, P301+P310, P331, P405, P501 |
| Flash point | 65°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 130°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): > 5,000 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | > 4.6 g/kg |
| NIOSH | NA8480000 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 5 ppm |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.8% |
| GHS labelling | GHS02, GHS07, GHS08, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS07, GHS09 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H317, H319, H412 |
| Precautionary statements | Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames and other ignition sources. No smoking. Avoid release to the environment. Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | Health: 1, Flammability: 2, Instability: 0, Special: - |
| Flash point | 68 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 185°C |
| Explosive limits | Explosive limits: 1.0–6.0% |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ (oral, rat): 4,350 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose): 4.39 g/kg (oral, rat) |
| NIOSH | SAF84910 |
| PEL (Permissible) | PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit) for Litsea Cubeba Oil: Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | 3-10% |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Citronellal Citral Limonene Geraniol Linalool |
| Related compounds |
Lemongrass oil Citronella oil Eucalyptus oil Tea tree oil Geranium oil Lemon oil Bergamot oil Lime oil Orange oil |
West Ujimqin Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, China
