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Chemical Name: Ammonia, anhydrous
Synonyms: Anhydrous ammonia, ammonia gas
CAS Number: 7664-41-7
Recommended Use: Fertilizer manufacturing, chemical synthesis, industrial refrigeration, cleaning agents
Supplier Details: Emergency numbers provided by supplier, manufacturer address and contact available on shipment documentation
Emergency Phone: 24-hour emergency response contact mandated for handling and transport
Classification: Corrosive to skin and eyes, toxic by inhalation, gas under pressure, acute toxicity Category 3 (inhalation), skin corrosion Category 1B, serious eye damage Category 1
GHS Label Elements: DANGER signal word; hazard pictograms for gas cylinder, corrosion, skull and crossbones
Hazard Statements: Harmful or fatal if inhaled, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, causes respiratory irritation, may cause frostbite from contact with liquefied gas
Precautionary Statements: Do not breathe gas or vapors, wear full protective clothing, face, and eye protection, use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas, store locked up away from incompatible materials
Substance: Anhydrous ammonia
Chemical Formula: NH3
Purity: typically above 99% ammonia by weight
Impurities: Trace amounts of water vapor and oil carryover may be present depending on source
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately, keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing, seek medical attention for signs of respiratory distress, persistent cough, or difficulty breathing, rescue personnel should use self-contained breathing apparatus
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin thoroughly with running water for at least 15 minutes, do not rub frostbitten area, seek medical care if irritation persists, treat chemical burns promptly
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes with gentle stream of clean water for at least 15 minutes while holding eyelids open, contact medical professional immediately
Ingestion: Exposure by ingestion is unlikely due to gas form; if swallowed, rinse mouth, do not induce vomiting, call poison control or a physician
Most Important Symptoms: Burning, coughing, difficulty breathing, severe pain, eye watering, skin blistering, frostbite on contact with liquid
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use water spray to cool containers, fog to disperse vapors, dry chemical or carbon dioxide for small fires
Specific Hazards: Gas may accumulate and ignite explosively when mixed with air, decomposition produces hazardous levels of nitrogen oxides and hydrogen, containers may violently rupture in heat
Protective Equipment: Full fire and chemical protective suit, self-contained breathing apparatus, approach from upwind, evacuate area if possible
Special Procedures: Cool containers exposed to flames with water spray from as far away as possible, do not use water jets directly on ammonia leaks, isolate hazard area at significant distance
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area, avoid breathing gas, ventilate area, wear impervious gloves and suits, full-face respirator or SCBA, do not touch spilled material
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements, or confined areas, notify local environment regulatory agencies as required
Cleanup Methods: Stop leak if safe to do so, use water sprays to dilute, build dikes with non-combustible materials, neutralize with weak acids in controlled environment—trained professionals only, ventilate and monitor air controls
Handling: Use only in closed systems, proper ventilation essential, keep away from incompatible materials, no smoking or open flames, use proper grounding and bonding to avoid static discharges
Storage: Store in tightly closed, properly labeled containers under pressure, out of direct sunlight, away from sources of heat and ignition, store apart from acids, halogens, and oxidizers, approved pressure vessels required
Other Precautions: Emergency eyewash and shower stations required nearby, train all personnel in emergency procedures
Occupational Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 50 ppm (35 mg/m3), ACGIH TLV: 25 ppm (STEL 35 ppm), NIOSH IDLH: 300 ppm
Engineering Controls: Use mechanical exhaust or local ventilation to keep gas concentrations below limits, explosion-proof equipment recommended
Personal Protection: Chemical splash goggles, face shield, rubber gloves, chemically resistant clothing, full-face respirator or SCBA for high concentrations
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, remove and wash contaminated clothing before reuse, never eat, drink, or smoke in work areas
Appearance: Colorless gas, sharp pungent odor, refrigerant can appear as clear, colorless liquid under pressure
Odor Threshold: Detectable at 5 ppm
pH: Highly alkaline in solution
Melting Point: –77.7°C
Boiling Point: –33.34°C
Flash Point: Not applicable; forms flammable mixtures with air
Flammability: Flammable between 15% and 28% vol in air
Vapor Pressure: 8.58 atm at 20°C
Solubility: Highly soluble in water, forms ammonium hydroxide
Vapor Density: 0.6 (air = 1)
Relative Density (liquid at 25°C): 0.681
Evaporation Rate: Rapid from liquid to gas at atmospheric conditions
Autoignition Temperature: 651°C
Decomposition Temperature: Above 450°C
Other Characteristics: Sharp, irritating odor can cause instant discomfort at high concentrations
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling conditions in sealed containers
Reactivity: Reacts violently with acids, halogens, strong oxidizers, reacts with copper, zinc, and their alloys
Hazardous Reactions: May form explosive compounds with silver, gold, mercury; forms ammonium nitrate with nitric acid, which is explosive
Decomposition Products: Nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxides of nitrogen at high temperatures or in fires
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, open flame, contact with acids or incompatible metals, confined or poorly ventilated spaces
Acute Toxicity: Inhalation causes burning, coughing, shortness of breath, and may cause pulmonary edema, LC50 (rat): 2000 ppm (4 hours)
Chronic Exposure: May result in chronic respiratory irritation or inflammation, potential to aggravate pre-existing conditions such as asthma
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: Severe irritant, may cause chemical burns and frostbite
Eye Damage: Permanent eye injury possible from contact
Sensitization: Not a known sensitizer
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity: No evidence of mutagenicity or carcinogenicity in humans
Other Health Effects: Ingestion can result in burning of mouth, throat, stomach, gastrointestinal perforation
Toxicity to Aquatic Life: Highly toxic to fish and invertebrates, may cause fish kills at low concentrations, mortality in aquatic organisms can occur at concentrations above 0.2 ppm
Persistence and Degradability: Ammonia rapidly disperses and biodegrades in soil and water
Bioaccumulation: Low; does not significantly accumulate in aquatic organisms
Mobility: Highly mobile in air and water, readily volatilizes
Other Adverse Effects: Can cause eutrophication in water bodies, depletion of dissolved oxygen, harm to plant life with excessive exposure
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose of contents and container in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations; neutralize with dilute acid under controlled conditions before disposal, return cylinders to supplier if possible
Precautions for Disposal: Do not allow to enter sewers, waterways, or soil, handle empty containers with care due to explosion risk from residual gas
Special Considerations: Incineration discouraged due to risk of toxic nitrogen oxides, ensure all personnel wear proper PPE during disposal
UN Number: UN1005
Proper Shipping Name: Ammonia, anhydrous
Transport Hazard Class: 2.3 (Toxic Gas), subsidiary risk 8 (Corrosive)
Packing Group: Not applicable
Labels Required: Toxic, corrosive, gas
Special Precautions: Only trained personnel should handle transport, inspect containers for integrity, emergency response information available onboard, transport in upright secured cylinders or tank trucks
Environmental Hazards: Marine pollutant, immediate reporting required for accidental releases
OSHA: Defined as hazardous chemical under Hazard Communication Standard, full compliance required
EPA: Listed under CERCLA hazardous substances, reportable quantity 100 lbs, subject to SARA Title III (EPCRA and Tier II reporting)
DOT: Regulated hazardous material for ground, air, and maritime transport
TSCA: Listed in the Toxic Substances Control Act inventory
International: Covered by EU REACH, GHS, Canadian WHMIS, Australian Hazardous Chemical List, IATA and IMDG codes
Other State/Local Requirements: Occupational, environmental, and community right-to-know regulations may apply depending on location, refer to specific region for details
