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Product Name: Levamisole Hydrochloride
Synonyms: Tetramisole hydrochloride, Levasole
Chemical Formula: C11H12N2S·HCl
Molecular Weight: 240.75 g/mol
CAS Number: 16595-80-5
Recommended Use: Used as an anthelmintic agent, sometimes found as a contaminant in illicit drugs
Supplier Information: Manufacturer or distributor details, emergency contact numbers, and local office phone numbers should be consulted according to packaging
Emergency Overview: Presents as a white to off-white crystalline powder, slight odor, used in research and veterinary medicine
Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), skin and respiratory sensitizer, serious eye irritation hazard
Hazard Symbols: Harmful (Xn), Irritant (Xi)
GHS Label Elements: Skull and crossbones, exclamation mark
Potential Health Effects: May cause gastrointestinal upset, headache, dizziness, skin rashes, rare psychological effects, hematological disturbances
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact
Chronic Effects: Prolonged exposure could suppress immune function and affect blood cell counts
Environmental Hazards: Toxic to aquatic life, persistent in environment without significant bioaccumulation reported
Chemical Identity: Levamisole hydrochloride
Concentration: Usually supplied as pure active ingredient (approximately 98-100%)
Impurities: Trace organic solvents or water, specific impurities below reporting thresholds
Other Ingredients: None intentionally added
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes, remove contact lenses if present, seek immediate medical attention
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, gently wash skin thoroughly with soap and plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, get medical help if irritation persists
Inhalation: Move victim to fresh air, keep at rest in position comfortable for breathing, give artificial respiration if not breathing, seek medical assistance
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel, seek immediate attention as ingestion can provoke toxic effects
Other Measures: Never provide anything by mouth to an unconscious person, watch for delayed symptoms
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical powder, foam, carbon dioxide
Hazards from Combustion: Emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrogen chloride under fire conditions
Fire Fighting Equipment: Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear
Precautions: Avoid inhalation of combustion products, control runoff to prevent pollution
Personal Protection: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment including chemically resistant gloves, protective goggles, laboratory coat, and dust mask or respirator
Spill Cleanup: Ventilate spill area, avoid generating dust, sweep up material without raising a cloud, place collected material in a tightly sealed container for disposal
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spill from entering drains or waterways, notify authorities if spill leads to environmental contamination
Disposal Methods: Dispose of waste in accordance with local and national regulations, do not wash residue into sewer
Handling: Handle in a well-ventilated area, keep away from incompatible substances like oxidizing agents, avoid inhalation, ingestion, or prolonged skin contact, use appropriate containment to avoid environmental release
Storage: Store in tightly closed container, protected from light and moisture, keep at controlled room temperature, away from food, drink, and animal feed
Special Requirements: Keep container properly labeled, check regularly for signs of damage or leaks, restrict access to authorized personnel
Exposure Limits: Occupational exposure limits not established by OSHA, ACGIH, or NIOSH—use careful work practices
Engineering Controls: Use in chemical fume hood or with good local exhaust ventilation
Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, rubber), protective goggles with side-shields, lab coat, and NIOSH-approved respirator if dust formation is likely
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands, arms, and face thoroughly after handling, avoid eating or drinking near chemical, remove contaminated clothes and wash before reuse
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Faint, characteristic
pH: 4.0 to 5.5 (1% aqueous solution)
Melting Point: 226–230°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes)
Solubility: Freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether
Density: Approximately 1.41 g/cm³
Flash Point: Not available / not flammable under typical conditions
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at room temperature
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 2.1 (estimation)
Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling, sensitive to strong oxidizers and acids
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, moisture, exposure to light, and contact with incompatible materials
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, reactive metals
Hazardous Decomposition: Can produce toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride, carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur compounds during decomposition
Hazardous Polymerization: Not expected to occur
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 250 mg/kg, may cause fatalities at higher exposure levels
Possible Effects: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dizziness, fatigue, leukopenia, rare psychological symptoms
Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause blood disorders such as agranulocytosis and immune suppression
Irritation/Corrosion: Irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract
Sensitization: May provoke allergic reaction in sensitive individuals
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, NTP, or OSHA
Mutagenicity and Reproductive Toxicity: Studies show weak mutagenic effects at high concentrations in vitro; not proven in humans
Ecotoxicity: Harmful to aquatic organisms, risk of long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately persistent, low potential for bioaccumulation
Mobility: Dissolves and moves through water easily, could contaminate groundwater near manufacturing sites
Aquatic Toxicity: Fathead minnow LC50 (96h): approximately 30 mg/L
Other Adverse Effects: Not classified as ozone depleting or persistent organic pollutant under major frameworks
Waste Handling: Collect and store waste in tightly closed, labeled containers for chemical disposal
Disposal Methods: Treat as hazardous chemical waste, incinerate at an approved facility wherever feasible, do not flush into surface water or drains
Regulatory Controls: Follow local, national, and regional waste management regulations, consult licensed chemical waste disposal contractor for large-scale quantities
Container Disposal: Empty containers retain chemical residue, treat accordingly, triple-rinse before discarding or recycle in line with local guidance
UN Number: UN2811 (Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s.)
UN Proper Shipping Name: Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (includes Levamisole hydrochloride)
Transport Hazard Class: Class 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III (minor hazard, but still toxic)
Marine Pollutant: Not listed as marine pollutant
Special Precautions: Ensure containers remain upright and secure, avoid conditions that create dust during handling and transport
OSHA: Hazardous Chemical under OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
TSCA Listing: Listed in the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory for industrial/commercial use
SARA Title III: Not subject to significant reporting requirements under SARA 313
REACH (EU): Subject to restrictions and safety assessment under REACH if imported or produced in the EU
WHMIS (Canada): Classified as controlled product, toxic material
Labeling Requirements: Labels must display chemical name, hazard pictograms, and emergency contact information
Other Regulations: Subject to state, local, and national chemical safety, transport, and workplace regulations
