West Ujimqin Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, China sales9@alchemist-chem.com 1531585804@qq.com
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L-Lysine Liquid: From Origins To Tomorrow

Historical Development

Long before people recognized how powerful simple amino acids could be, L-Lysine emerged from a mixture of agricultural innovation and chemistry. Its story began over a century ago with early efforts in protein isolation. Back in the early 20th century, scientists separated lysine while piecing together the map of essential nutrients from food. For decades, only the lab crowd cared. Everything changed once commercial fermentation processes appeared. By the 1970s, companies figured out how to coax bacteria to churn out lysine using cheap crops like corn. This move unlocked new farm yields, made animal feed formulas smarter, and soon factories around the globe produced liquid L-Lysine by the tanker. From post-war feed innovations to Asian agri-booms, every time the meat industry needed to stretch its protein budget, L-Lysine helped bridge the gap.

Product Overview

Liquid L-Lysine looks simple but does plenty of heavy lifting in food and feed. It usually comes as a viscous, clear-to-yellow solution sold by the drum. In my experience touring feed mills, I’ve watched operators blend this liquid lysine straight into premix silos to balance out animal diets in real time. Pure dry types exist, but the liquid version speeds up industrial production lines. This product delivers L-Lysine hydrochloride or sulfate dissolved in water. Some blends use stabilizers or small preservatives to ensure shelf life and ease of dispensing. Ultimately, this product serves one main job: supplementing lysine to animal rations, pet foods, or less often, to specialized human supplements.

Physical & Chemical Properties

L-Lysine in liquid form shows distinctive characteristics anyone handling it comes to know. You get a slightly syrupy feel, not as dense as molasses, with a mild but unmistakable chemical scent. It dissolves easily in water; no need for aggressive mixing or extra solvents. The pH range leans mildly acidic, depending on the formulation. Those who check labels see concentration levels measured as a percentage, for example, “L-Lysine HCl ≥ 50%.” The color changes between nearly clear to light yellow, based on age and handling. Chemically, lysine remains a basic amino acid—structure built around a diamino acid backbone, making it highly reactive for both nutritional and industrial uses.

Technical Specifications & Labeling

On every bag or drum, strict regulations shape how L-Lysine liquid gets labeled. Feed grade or food grade, every product ships with documentation that spells out lysine content (often on a dry matter basis), pH value, microbial and heavy metal limits, and intended usage. The main selling point for buyers always centers on guaranteed lysine content per volume. Manufacturers include batch numbers, expiry dates, proper storage instructions, and complete ingredient lists. Every time I’ve visited chemical plants, inspectors check these details to prove traceability for feed and food safety. Mistakes in labeling never slide under the radar, since any laxity can risk animal health or get entire product batches recalled. This attention to detail keeps trust alive across complicated supply chains.

Preparation Method

Producing L-Lysine liquid in today’s industry relies on fermentation tanks the size of small buildings. Using strains of Corynebacterium glutamicum or similar bacteria, technicians feed in a mix of sugars, nitrogen, and key minerals. The microbes break down starches—usually derived from corn or sometimes wheat—into pure lysine during several days of closely monitored growth. After fermentation wraps up, workers filter and purify the broth. They adjust pH to pull out lysine, often making it a stable salt (Lysine HCl). Technicians dilute, pasteurize, and stabilize the final solution to combat spoilage. My own conversation with production engineers underscores how optimizing yield isn’t so much about exotic tricks, but more about steady monitoring of temperature, oxygen supply, and feeding schedules. High volume output depends on this process discipline.

Chemical Reactions & Modifications

Lysine’s basic structure offers up two amino groups, one more than most common amino acids. This bonus lets chemical engineers modify it for a range of downstream applications. In the food industry, lysine undergoes Maillard reactions in baking or roasting, affecting flavors and browning. Formulators sometimes peg lysine to other functional molecules, either to make extended-release supplements or to produce specialty materials for coatings and biodegradable polymers. Over the years, new bioengineering tweaks enabled lysine derivatives with altered solubility or improved absorption rates for pharmaceuticals. On heat exposure, lysine can degrade or crosslink, especially during feed pellet production, which is why nutrient testing always matters post-processing.

Synonyms & Product Names

On the market, L-Lysine liquid picks up a bundle of names, creating some confusion along the way. Buyers see it sold as L-Lysine HCl Solution, Lysine Base Liquid, or L-Lysine Monohydrochloride Solution. Codings may vary between manufacturers who reference CAS numbers (657-27-2 for lysine hydrochloride) or pin the product under “feed additive” categories. Label language sometimes toggles between “85% solution” or “50% active,” so buyers always double-check the fine print. Despite these aliases, the core product stays the same: a concentrated, bioavailable source of lysine, ready for mixing into nutrients or additives.

Safety & Operational Standards

Anyone working with L-Lysine liquid handles it as a low-risk but not care-free chemical. Direct contact rarely irritates skin or eyes, but nobody skips gloves or safety glasses in a solid facility. Regulations in North America and Europe run tight—Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) rules spell out storage temperatures and hygiene practices. Tanks usually come labeled for spill precautions, and safety data sheets warn against accidental ingestion or mixing with incompatible chemicals. Warehouse staff keep drums stored away from sunlight and extreme cold to avoid breakdowns. Every time I’ve toured a plant, the routine remains the same: document every step, keep inventory records straight, and respond to any complaint from the field immediately.

Application Area

The best-known use of L-Lysine liquid lies in livestock nutrition. With feed prices moving up and down, a cheap amino acid can cut soybean meal volumes and boost protein balances in pig, poultry, and aquaculture rations. Farmers depend on lysine to drive muscle mass and growth rates in animals—something I’ve seen play out across swine barns from Iowa to Vietnam. It spreads further than just livestock, though. Pet food makers stock liquid lysine for premium cat and dog diets, and some pharmaceutical manufacturers include it as an ingredient in recovery drinks or supplements tailored for immune support. In rare cases, lysine shows value in food processing, especially for “fortified” baked goods. Bio-industrial uses pop up too, with plant researchers exploring how lysine modifications improve plastics and biodegradable polymers.

Research & Development

Innovation circles around L-Lysine liquid as researchers try to unlock further value. Developments in bacterial strain engineering have pushed yields higher, cut down side-product build-up, and dropped production costs. Scientists have looked at gene-editing tools like CRISPR to tweak fermentation organisms for higher lysine output or resistance against contaminants. On the nutritional side, R&D explores how lysine supplementation impacts animal health in stressful farm conditions or lean production cycles. Across food tech labs, research questions whether lysine fortification could help battle human malnutrition in developing regions—especially considering the micronutrient swings in plant-based diets. Patents keep piling up for new forms, derivatives, or application methods, showing how even old products keep evolving through focused R&D.

Toxicity Research

Safety data stacks up over decades for lysine use in both animals and humans. Standard doses in animal diets present little toxicity risk, confirmed by regulatory agencies through repeated trials and field monitoring. Researchers have worked out no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) in multiple species, including swine and poultry, which sit far above typical feed rates. L-Lysine passes through the digestive system much like other amino acids, breaking down to carbon dioxide, water, and nitrogen waste. Extremely high dosing can stress kidneys or disrupt metabolic balance, but neither farmers nor food technologists use anywhere close to those thresholds. On the workplace side, L-Lysine liquid rarely triggers allergic reactions or chemical burns, although proper handling stays non-negotiable. If spills happen, plant protocols cover containment and cleanup without exposing staff to danger, a fact I’ve witnessed firsthand on production floors that take safety seriously.

Future Prospects

Looking ahead, L-Lysine liquid sits at a crossroads of global demand for protein and renewable resources. Reduced antibiotics in livestock production increase attention on nutritional balancing as a disease prevention tool, where amino acids like lysine matter more than ever. With synthetic biology advancing fast, new production strains could drive down costs or open up specialty lysine forms for high-tech food, feed, and biotech. Food insecurity persists across regions, and lysine fortification programs can fill in protein quality gaps left by grain-heavy diets. Sustainability trends push manufacturers to consider carbon footprints in fermentation, highlighting the need for cleaner plant inputs and waste recycling. Every year, more academic labs dive into biopolymer applications that start from amino acid bases, opening extra markets outside food and feed. My own talks with feed consultants and ingredient traders signal strong, diverse demand for lysine—one of those bedrock compounds with both proven history and clear pathways for reinvention.




What is L-Lysine Liquid used for?

What’s L-Lysine Liquid?

L-Lysine Liquid is a concentrated amino acid supplement, mostly used in livestock and poultry farming. You’ll find it in feedlots, poultry farms, and even in backyard chicken raisers’ supplies. Lysine itself steps in as one of the building blocks for protein, something animals need for muscle development and overall growth. Not every animal gets enough lysine from plain grains or soy-based feed, especially with how producers try to cut costs or optimize feed recipes.

L-Lysine Liquid Boosts Growth

Farmers and feed manufacturers add L-Lysine Liquid to animal feed for a good reason: animals—especially pigs and chickens—grow bigger and healthier with it. Research proves that pigs on lysine-supplemented diets turn feed into lean muscle more efficiently. In my uncle’s hog business, lysine turned out the difference-maker in achieving target weights ahead of schedule, especially with the tight profit margins he faces.

Lysine’s role in protein synthesis matters. Without enough lysine, animals don’t just slow down in growth. Their immune systems take a hit, and they pick up infections more easily. Livestock, unlike ruminant animals such as cows, can’t make their own lysine, so what goes into their feed has a direct impact. A 2021 report from Iowa State University even highlights that lysine supplementation cuts diets’ crude protein needs, which actually reduces the nitrogen waste running off into rivers and streams. That’s a way of helping the environment without sacrificing production.

Liquid Form Saves Effort and Money for Farmers

People choose the liquid form over powder for a couple of practical reasons. You pour the liquid lysine right into automated feed mixers and water lines—no big dust clouds, no wasting time weighing out powders. Larger operations especially say it’s a time saver because liquid lysine disperses evenly. It sticks less than powder versions to equipment and doesn't get lost to the air.

Feed mills can fine-tune doses, keeping costs dialed in and preventing overuse. Ingredients in commercial applications often fluctuate in price, but targeting lysine intake helps lean out rations and keeps budgets manageable, especially when corn and soybean prices spike. That kind of feed customization wasn’t common before, but it’s become standard as efficiencies in farming keep getting tighter. My neighbor, who runs broilers, notices fewer health issues when they manage lysine levels closely, and he gets better returns per bird.

Ensuring Safety and Quality

Not every bottle or drum of L-Lysine Liquid carries the same quality. Reliable sources matter—farmers tend to stick to suppliers with a solid record in feed safety, strong traceability, and products that pass regular checks. Regulators such as the FDA and the European Food Safety Authority keep tabs on lysine additives to protect animal and, by extension, human health.

Overdosing does more harm than good, leading to wasted money and possible health issues among animals, from digestive upset to nutrient imbalance. Always sticking to veterinarian or nutritionist-approved dosing keeps things in check.

Improving Animal Farming for the Future

L-Lysine Liquid ties directly into the push for better, more sustainable farming. Producers can hit growth and health goals with less environmental impact, and consumers downstream get animal protein raised with smarter logistics and care. For those in the field, it’s a tool that bridges nutrition science with on-the-ground realities.

How do I administer L-Lysine Liquid to my pet?

Understanding Why L-Lysine Helps Your Pet

L-Lysine shows up in conversations about pet health for a good reason. For cats, especially those living with feline herpesvirus, L-Lysine can help reduce the length and frequency of outbreaks. Dogs might get recommended L-Lysine when a vet wants to boost their immune system during illness. Past experience working in animal shelters gave me many chances to see veterinarians suggest L-Lysine for sneezing kittens or adult cats with weepy eyes. The science backs this up, with research pointing to fewer viral flare-ups thanks to regular supplementation.

How to Measure L-Lysine for Pets

Start by double-checking the dosage your veterinarian recommends. It changes depending on weight, species, and what’s going on with your pet’s health. For example, a typical daily dose for an adult cat comes in around 250-500mg, split into two servings. Liquid L-Lysine comes with an oral syringe or dropper, which allows for accurate measurement and less guesswork. Don’t just drizzle it onto food and hope for the best—measure, every time.

Getting Pets to Take L-Lysine Liquid Without a Fuss

Most folks want to avoid a wrestling match at medication time. From what I’ve seen, there’s a fine line between a pet who “doesn’t mind” the taste and a pet who figures out exactly how to avoid any drop of supplement. The sweet spot is mixing the L-Lysine into strong-smelling, tasty food. Wet food works best, especially if your cat already loves dinnertime. If your pet refuses the mixture, try a tiny squeeze directly into the side of their mouth using the syringe.

Patience plays a big role. Start with a smaller amount mixed in, then gradually reach the full dose. Some intelligent pets catch on and need new tricks—rotating flavors of wet food or changing the treat strategy helps. Talk to your vet if nothing seems to work, as some cats or dogs have real aversions to new supplements and might need an alternative form.

Safe Handling and Storing of L-Lysine

Store L-Lysine liquid in a cool, dry spot, away from sunlight. Don’t leave the open bottle near food or water bowls. Most formulas last quite a while at room temperature, but always check the label for specific storage directions. Rinse oral syringes after every use to keep things clean. Mark the bottle with the date you opened it, so you’ll know when it’s time to replace it.

What to Look Out For

L-Lysine rarely causes side effects when given at recommended levels. Watch for digestive upset—vomiting, diarrhea, appetite loss. If you spot anything unusual, don’t hesitate to call your veterinarian. Some pets just can’t tolerate a supplement, no matter how gentle it seems. Always keep an eye on your pet’s overall health and mood during supplementation.

Working With Your Vet for the Best Results

L-Lysine doesn’t solve every problem, but it’s a tool in the toolbox for managing chronic viral issues in pets. Check in with your vet every few months to review the plan, especially if you see unexpected changes in your pet. Share updates, ask questions, and be honest about how things are going at home. Sometimes tweaking the dose or switching to a tablet makes all the difference for a happier, healthier pet.

What is the recommended dosage of L-Lysine Liquid?

Understanding Why Dosage Matters

Walking into a health store or scrolling through supplements online, it’s easy to get overwhelmed by liquid amino acids like L-Lysine. People have asked me about it more than once—especially folks dealing with frequent cold sores, picky eaters, or those who want to support general health. L-Lysine isn’t just some trendy add-on. This essential amino acid plays a real part in collagen production, calcium absorption, immune system support, and even managing herpes simplex outbreaks. Getting the right amount each day makes a difference, so the conversation about proper dosage isn’t just for health geeks—it's practical advice fit for anyone considering a supplement.

Recommended Dosage: What Experts Say

Supplement labels throw out all kinds of serving sizes, but official guidance offers a good starting place. The FDA and trusted clinical sources usually put the range for adults at 1,000 mg to 3,000 mg per day for most uses, whether you take capsules, tablets, or liquid. L-Lysine liquid typically contains about 100 mg to 500 mg per teaspoon, though concentrations can change depending on the brand.

If you’re using it to help with cold sores, studies show benefits in the range of 1,000 mg to 3,000 mg daily, divided into two or three servings with food. For general wellness, the lower end—about 1,000 mg per day—has proven enough for many healthy adults. Dosing for children needs more thought. Most pediatricians point to a reduced ratio based on body weight, usually around 23 mg per kilogram daily. Always talk to a healthcare provider first if you’re planning to use L-Lysine for a child or a pregnant person.

Real Risks and Real Benefits

Some folks worry a lot about possible side effects. My experience, backed by research, tells me that most people tolerate L-Lysine at recommended rates very well. Gastrointestinal issues come up once in a while—bloating or cramps if someone goes overboard with their dose. Excess consumption won’t help heal a cold sore faster and, in rare cases, can affect kidney health for those with kidney issues. People with kidney or liver problems, or those on certain meds, should work through a plan with their doctor first.

On the other hand, skipping supplementation sometimes means missing out—especially for vegans, vegetarians, or anyone on a restricted diet. Most plant proteins lack enough lysine. That’s why adding a liquid supplement fills the nutritional gap for these groups, promoting muscle health, collagen production, and immune function. Scientific studies, including some published in the Journal of Nutrition, confirm that supplementing with L-Lysine improves immunity and tissue repair, especially in populations facing chronic stress or repeated herpes outbreaks.

Choosing the Right L-Lysine Liquid

One bottle isn’t the same as another. Always check the “Supplement Facts” label. Products listing third-party testing or cGMP certification give me more daily confidence. Start low, measure your dose using the dropper or spoon provided, and gradually move up to the recommended amount. Pairing it with food softens any risk of stomach upset.

Practical Dosage Tips

Careful measurement matters more than eyeballing your dose. If you’re just starting out or addressing a specific condition, talk with a healthcare provider and ask for guidance based on your health goals and diet. Hydrate well when starting a new amino acid supplement, and keep track of how you feel in a daily notebook.

Are there any side effects of using L-Lysine Liquid?

Why People Turn to L-Lysine Liquid

Walk down any supplement aisle or scroll through wellness shops online, and you’ll spot L-Lysine in both pill and liquid form. Many folks believe that lysine helps fight cold sores, supports a healthy immune system, and fills nutritional gaps, especially for vegans and vegetarians. The liquid version promises quick absorption and easy mixing, which sounds great for anyone tired of swallowing chalky tablets.

Side Effects That Can Crop Up

Lysine is an amino acid your body pulls from food—meat, dairy, some legumes. Normally, your body handles it without fanfare, but the story changes when you pump up your intake through supplements. Most people gulp it down and feel fine. Some won’t feel so lucky.

Digestive issues raise their head in some users. Nausea, stomach cramping, or the urge to rush to the bathroom can catch people by surprise after a dose. I’ve seen friends try liquid lysine before a meal, only to complain about queasiness or bathroom troubles for the rest of the day. The liquid form can hit faster, so those side effects sometimes show up quicker than with pills.

Occasionally, too much lysine can throw potassium and calcium levels out of whack. Studies involving high doses in animals have hinted at gallstones or kidney trouble. Solid research in humans isn’t as scary, but people living with kidney disease, gallstone risk, or ongoing calcium issues probably want to double-check with their doctor before starting.

Mixing Lysine With Other Supplements or Medicines

Supplements don’t sit in a vacuum—they mix with our meds, meals, and routines. Lysine has a known tendency to clash with certain antibiotics. Doctors sometimes warn patients that taking lysine at the same time as aminoglycoside antibiotics can make toxic side effects from those drugs more likely. People with asthma might find lysine stirs up their symptoms, too, even though data is thin.

Some of us love tinkering with blends—vitamin C, zinc, lysine all swirling in the same smoothie. Smart move to check with a healthcare professional before stacking up the bottles on your kitchen counter. A little caution goes a long way, especially if already dealing with medical issues or medications.

Quality Matters in Every Drop

Every supplement company tries to stand out, and not all are worth their label. The Food and Drug Administration in the US doesn’t poke around every batch of lysine before it gets sold. That leaves plenty of room for poor quality-control—liquid lysine that isn’t mixed well or contains more or less than the dose on the label. Sometimes, flavorings and preservatives sneak in, leading to allergies or sensitivities.

Shoppers do better sticking to brands that test their batches and show lab results. If you’re allergic to certain preservatives, flavors, or sweeteners, scan those ingredient lists closely. Clear labeling and third-party verification bring some peace of mind.

Tips to Stay on the Safe Side

Nobody wants to chase extra health troubles after adding a supplement. Starting with a small amount, maybe half the daily serving, gives your body a chance to speak up before you ramp up the dose. Adjust the timing—some feel less queasy after a meal. Staying well-hydrated smooths the ride for both stomach and kidneys.

Hearing stories from real people—family or a friend—sometimes offers more perspective than a wall of clinical data. Many handle liquid lysine just fine for months; a few decide the side effects outweigh the promised benefits. Like most things in the world of supplements, your own experience should guide your decisions—while leaning on facts, open communication with healthcare pros, and a fair bit of common sense.

Can L-Lysine Liquid be used for both cats and dogs?

Looking at L-Lysine in Pet Supplements

L-Lysine shows up on the label of plenty of pet supplements these days. Lots of cat owners have given it to help manage feline herpesvirus symptoms, and sometimes dog owners wonder if the same bottle works for their companion. After working with pet rescues and being around a mix of animals, I’ve seen plenty of confusion at the intersection of marketing and veterinary advice. Pet parents want to do right by their animals, so questions multiply once the supplement shelf starts looking more crowded.

Cats: The Real L-Lysine Crowd

Feline herpesvirus is common, especially among shelter cats. Anyone who’s fostered kittens knows how runny noses and sneezing sweep through a room. Veterinarians started recommending L-Lysine decades ago, hoping it could interfere with virus replication. There’s research showing mixed results, with some studies reporting a decrease in flare-ups, while others don’t find much difference. But most importantly, cats tolerate L-Lysine pretty well, especially in liquid form since it blends into wet food. Some supplements are even tuna-flavored, making it easier to sneak the dosage into a meal.

Dogs Don’t Need the Same Approach

Dogs do get viruses, but canine herpesvirus behaves very differently. The problems L-Lysine might help cats with – like respiratory symptoms – don’t crop up the same way for dogs. Clinical data doesn’t support using L-Lysine in dogs for viral issues, and the science just isn’t there outside of specific rare metabolic disorders, which are a different story altogether. Most dogs don’t have a dietary lysine shortfall either; typical kibble contains the amino acid already. My veterinarian friends will all say the same thing: there’s no real argument for routine L-Lysine supplementation for dogs unless a vet gives a special reason.

Safety and Over-the-Counter Blurring

With so many over-the-counter pet products out there, the lines blur fast. Some L-Lysine liquids feature cat-only artwork, some throw in “for dogs and cats” without much science on the label. Pet owners pick them up, assuming similar needs around the household, but nobody wants to try something guessing at the right dosage, especially if it adds expense or risk. Overdosing on L-Lysine rarely causes emergencies in cats or dogs, but it can mess with calcium processing, and diarrhea may follow. A household with both species easily gets mixed up unless these distinctions are clear from the outset.

Getting Solid Advice and Smarter Choices

Veterinarians spend years in school to understand the difference between species, so consulting them makes sense, especially these days with so many products in stores and online. If a supplement promises to “boost immunity for dogs and cats,” it pays to stop and check if there’s veterinarian support for its use in both. The best way through the fog of pet health marketing is always the same: talk to a professional who knows your pet.

Feeding rescue cats with herpesvirus outbreaks, I’ve used L-Lysine liquid with mixed results, but never considered giving the same supplement to the rescue dogs. They just don’t face the same viral pressures, and the science for dog use feels absent. To stretch a pet budget further and avoid giving unnecessary supplements, it makes sense to tailor approaches. In a world selling one-size-fits-all bottles, the real answer often depends on species, needs, and good advice.

L-Lysine Liquid
Names
Preferred IUPAC name (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
Other names L-Lysine Monohydrochloride
Lysine HCl
Lysine Solution
Pronunciation /ˌelˈlaɪˌsiːn ˈlɪkwɪd/
Preferred IUPAC name (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid
Other names L-Lysine Hydrochloride Oral Solution
L-Lysine HCl Liquid
Lysine Solution
Pronunciation /ˌelˈlaɪsiːn ˈlɪkwɪd/
Identifiers
CAS Number 70-54-2
3D model (JSmol) `JSmol` 3D model string for **L-Lysine**: ``` CC(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N ``` This is the SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) string that can be loaded into JSmol to visualize the 3D structure of L-Lysine.
Beilstein Reference 3569363
ChEBI CHEBI:25094
ChEMBL CHEMBL598
ChemSpider 126986
DrugBank DB00114
ECHA InfoCard ECHA InfoCard: 03-2119552469-33-0000
EC Number 3.5.3.6
Gmelin Reference 57271
KEGG C00047
MeSH Amino Acids
PubChem CID 5962
RTECS number VR8050000
UNII U13H538333
UN number UN3334
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID0024247
CAS Number 657-27-2
3D model (JSmol) `/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q4249173.jsmol`
Beilstein Reference 3569537
ChEBI CHEBI:25094
ChEMBL CHEMBL630
ChemSpider 11747
DrugBank DB00114
ECHA InfoCard echa.infocard.100.035.552
EC Number 3.5.1.17
Gmelin Reference 6082
KEGG C00047
MeSH Amino Acids
PubChem CID 5962
RTECS number VS9560000
UNII 4Y2L2J2C1U
UN number UN1993
Properties
Chemical formula C6H14N2O2
Molar mass 146.19 g/mol
Appearance Clear to slightly yellow liquid
Odor Characteristic
Density 1.1 g/cm³
Solubility in water Soluble in water
log P -3.00
Vapor pressure Negligible
Acidity (pKa) 10.8
Basicity (pKb) 10.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −9.8 × 10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.347
Viscosity 300 cPs
Dipole moment 12.48 D
Chemical formula C6H14N2O2
Molar mass 146.19 g/mol
Appearance Clear to slightly yellowish liquid
Odor Characteristic
Density 1.22 g/cm3
Solubility in water soluble in water
log P -3.0
Acidity (pKa) 10.8
Basicity (pKb) 9.06
Refractive index (nD) 1.430
Viscosity 3000-5000 cPs
Dipole moment 0 D
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 198.2 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -1827.3 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -3902.7 kJ/mol
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) 178.3 J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) -532.5 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) -3915.7 kJ/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code A16AA21
ATC code A16AA21
Hazards
Main hazards May cause gastrointestinal discomfort if ingested in large amounts.
GHS labelling GHS07
Pictograms GHS07
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements Hazard statements: May cause respiratory irritation.
Precautionary statements Keep out of reach of children. For animal use only. In case of accidental overdose, contact a health professional immediately. Store in a cool, dry place.
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-0-0
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose): >5,000 mg/kg (Rat)
NIOSH 80030
PEL (Permissible) PEL: Not established
REL (Recommended) 2,000 mg
Main hazards May cause respiratory irritation. May cause eye irritation. May cause skin irritation.
GHS labelling GHS07
Pictograms GHS07
Signal word Warning
Hazard statements Hazard statements: Causes serious eye irritation.
Precautionary statements Keep out of reach of children. For animal use only. Store in a cool, dry place.
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) 1-0-0
Lethal dose or concentration LD50 (oral, rat): > 5000 mg/kg
LD50 (median dose) LD50 (median dose): Oral, Rat: > 16,500 mg/kg
PEL (Permissible) 3 mg/m³
REL (Recommended) 3 ml
Related compounds
Related compounds L-Lysine hydrochloride
D-Lysine
L-Ornithine
L-Arginine
L-Lysine sulfate
Related compounds L-Lysine
DL-Lysine
L-Lysine Monohydrochloride
L-Lysine Sulfate
L-Lysine Acetate