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Product Name: Indigo
Chemical Formula: C16H10N2O2
Synonyms: Natural Indigo, Blue 1, C.I. 73000
CAS Number: 482-89-3
Recommended Use: Industrial dye for fabrics, research and laboratory settings
Supplier Information: Major chemical suppliers, textile dye houses, academic and industrial distributors
Contact Information in Case of Emergency: Refer to supplier emergency hotline or nearest poison control center
Relevant Identified Uses: Textile dyeing, art materials, scientific studies involving organic pigments
Classification: Not classified as hazardous under GHS criteria, but dust or powder inhalation can be harmful
Label Elements: No universal hazard pictograms required for most usages, but precautionary statements apply
Signal Word: Warning for irritation to eyes, skin, and respiratory tract if handled as loose powder
Hazard Statements: May cause mild respiratory irritation, mild skin or eye irritation when in contact with loose material; combustible dust formation risk
Precautionary Statements: Avoid generating dust, wash hands after handling, wear proper protective gear, work in well-ventilated area; keep away from sparks and ignition sources
Potential Health Effects: Eye and respiratory tract irritation possible through repeated or prolonged exposure to dust; ingestion generally causes minimal toxicity but may upset stomach
Chemical Name: Indigo
Concentration: 90–100% pure in technical grade for industrial dyeing
Other Components: Minor amounts of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, depending on processing method and source
Impurities: Trace residuals of organic synthesis or extraction intermediates, generally less than 1% by weight
Main Ingredient: Indigo (C16H10N2O2)
Relevant Regulations: Not subject to extra hazardous ingredient thresholds under most regulatory or safety standards
Eyes: Flush thoroughly with clean water for at least 15 minutes, lift eyelids to ensure all material is removed, seek medical attention if irritation persists
Skin: Remove contaminated clothing, wash affected area with soap and water, contact physician for persistent redness or rash
Inhalation: Move to area with fresh air, monitor for persistent coughing or shortness of breath, seek medical care if symptoms continue
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water. Small amounts swallowed are unlikely to cause serious effects but consult physician if discomfort or symptoms develop
Note for Medical Providers: Treat symptoms, provide supportive care. Severe exposure is unusual but monitor for signs of allergic response or persistent irritation
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam, or carbon dioxide; use method appropriate for surrounding materials
Specific Fire Hazards: Fine indigo dust may form combustible mixtures in air; avoid dispersal of dust. Decomposition produces carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Wear full protective gear and self-contained breathing apparatus
Special Precautions: Cool closed containers exposed to fire with water spray. Prevent run-off from entering drains or water supplies
Explosion Sensitivity: No unusual sensitivity to shock but powdered dye poses dust explosion risk in confined spaces with ignition source
Personal Precautions: Wear gloves, protective goggles, dust mask or respirator while cleaning. Avoid generating airborne dust; ventilate area well
Environmental Precautions: Prevent dye entry into drains, sewers, waterways. Use containment booms or barriers if necessary
Cleanup Procedures: Collect spilled powder or granules with vacuum system equipped with HEPA filter or use wet methods to minimize dust. Shovel material into labeled, sealable containers for proper disposal. Wash spill site with plenty of water after material removal
Decontamination: Wash hands, clothing and any contacting skin thoroughly after cleanup. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse
Safe Handling Guidance: Handle indigo with gloves and protective clothing. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Work in areas with good air movement. Avoid contact with skin, eyes. Never eat, drink, or smoke while handling dye
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly sealed containers away from sunlight, moisture, and sources of ignition. Keep in dry, cool, well-ventilated area, out of reach of children
Incompatibilities: Strong acids, strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and sources of open flame
Packing Materials: Use polyethylene, glass, or coated containers that minimize moisture ingress. Label containers clearly with contents and hazards
Exposure Limits: No occupational exposure limits established for indigo; minimize exposure to dust
Engineering Controls: Use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation, or other engineering controls to keep airborne levels below nuisance dust limits
Personal Protective Equipment: Use safety glasses or face shield and chemical-resistant gloves. Wear approved dust mask or respirator if dust generation is likely
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face before breaks and after handling; do not eat or drink in work area. Use protective outer clothing to prevent staining and contact with skin
Appearance: Dark blue crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
pH (1% solution): Slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6-7)
Melting Point: Decomposes above 390°C
Boiling Point: Not applicable
Flash Point: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperature
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water, soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and organic solvents like chloroform, dimethylformamide
Density: Approximately 1.35 g/cm³
Partition Coefficient: Log Pow > 3, indicating low water solubility
Stability in Storage: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Evaporation Rate: Not volatile
Explosive Properties: Dust may form explosive mixtures with air
Odor Threshold: Not applicable, odorless
Chemical Stability: Indigo remains stable under normal, dry storage conditions
Conditions to Avoid: Exposure to strong oxidizers, acids, open flames, or elevated moisture
Incompatible Materials: Strong acids and oxidizing agents can trigger hazardous reactions. Avoid strong bases and reducing conditions outside controlled settings
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Burning produces carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and other organic fragments
Polymerization: Indigo does not undergo hazardous polymerization in typical applications
Likely Routes of Exposure: Inhalation of dust, skin or eye contact, accidental ingestion
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat) > 5000 mg/kg, indicating low acute toxicity. Inhaled dust may irritate airways. Repeated or prolonged skin contact can result in minor irritation
Chronic Toxicity: No evidence of long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity in available animal studies. Not classified as mutagenic or reproductive hazard
Symptoms of Exposure: Itching, redness or slight rash on skin, mild eye irritation, coughing or sneezing if inhaled
Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure: Pre-existing respiratory conditions can worsen with inhalation of dye dust. No known specific contraindications in healthy individuals
Ecotoxicity: Indigo poses low toxicity to aquatic organisms at typical concentrations used in industry. Biodegradation occurs slowly, but bioaccumulation is not significant
Mobility in Soil: Low solubility and high adsorption to sediment reduce mobility in typical discharge scenarios
Persistence and Degradability: Indigo resists rapid environmental breakdown; byproducts may persist, especially in poorly managed effluent streams
Bioaccumulative Potential: Studies show limited potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic or terrestrial organisms
Other Adverse Effects: Spilled indigo can stain soil and waterways, affecting ecosystem appearance. Proper containment in industrial use helps prevent contamination
Waste Handling: Collect and place waste indigo in designated, labeled containers. Prevent spillage during transfer and handling
Methods of Disposal: Dispose through licensed hazardous waste contractor or facilities able to treat organic dye waste. Landfilling may be allowed under local regulations if performed with appropriate measures
Recycling and Recovery: Clean, uncontaminated residual dye in sealed drums may be suitable for recovery or recycling through specialty handlers
Restrictions: Do not dump in drains, rivers, or open ground. Follow local, state, and federal guidelines for hazardous waste
UN Number: Not regulated under the United Nations model regulations for land, sea, or air transport
Proper Shipping Name: Indigo dye or pigment
Transport Hazard Class: Not classified as dangerous good for transport
Packing Group: Not applicable
Special Precautions: Ship in tightly sealed containers, plainly labeled, protected from moisture and extreme temperatures. Avoid co-transport with strong oxidizers
Environmental Hazards: Not subject to Marine Pollutant regulations
Safety, Health & Environmental Regulations: Listed by Chemical Abstracts Service; not specifically regulated beyond general workplace safety rules in most jurisdictions
US TSCA Status: Listed
EU REACH Status: Registered; no specific prohibitions
SARA Title III (US): Not subject to reporting requirements
OSHA (US): Treated as nuisance dust in workplace safety standards
Canada WHMIS: Not classified as hazardous product
Other International Regulations: Use in compliance with national and regional occupational safety, health, and waste management requirements
Labeling Requirements: Maintain clear safety labeling on containers used for storage, transport, and handling
West Ujimqin Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, China
