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Many people recognize Eucommia ulmoides from its roots in traditional Chinese medicine, known in Mandarin as “Du Zhong.” Ancient texts describe how healers used the bark to fortify the liver and kidneys, with records stretching back to the times of Shen Nong, around 2,000 years ago. Over centuries, its role expanded beyond medicine as practitioners observed its use to aid joint health and ease back pain. In the last hundred years, botanical researchers pushed into studying its rubber-like constituents, bridging the plant’s heritage with modern material science. Today, China leads in cultivation, but other countries have started to take a closer look because of rising curiosity about natural rubber alternatives and plant-based remedies.
At first glance, Eucommia ulmoides products look simple: dried bark slices, leaf powders, herbal extracts, rubbery latex, capsules, and teas. Each item circles back to the two main parts of the plant—bark and leaves. The bark, packed with lignans and iridoids, attracts herbal medicine fans, while the leaves sit at the beginning of teas and nutritional supplements. Other industries study Eucommia gum, a polymer similar to natural rubber, finding new uses in eco-friendly plastics and advanced medical devices. The underlying commonality lies in gutta-percha, the trans-1,4-polyisoprene compound, a gem rarely found in the plant world outside of tropical latex trees. Products hit shelves as “Du Zhong,” “Hardy Rubber Tree Extract,” or “Eucommia Cortex,” each one bringing different uses and purity grades, all subject to global regulatory expectations.
Bark comes off in brown-gray strips, hard with a faint fragrance, snapping with a fibrous interior. The leaf, usually a matte green, feels firm with a slight gloss. Both parts store chemicals—iridoids like geniposidic acid, and lignans such as pinoresinol diglucoside. A dominant rubbery component, gutta-percha, appears as a flexible, thermoplastic polymer, drawing attention from engineers. In water, most bark extracts dissolve to form an amber-brown solution, sometimes leaving white floating resin, a sign of natural latex. Ethanol pulls out more active molecules, so most commercial extracts use alcohol as a solvent. The density of dried Eucommia root powder hovers near 0.64 g/cm³, while the moisture content needs monitoring because above 12% microbes thrive more easily.
Labeling for Eucommia ulmoides products needs careful detail. Commercial specifications include identity confirmation through TLC or HPLC chromatograms, purity tests for contaminants such as heavy metals (lead under 2 ppm, cadmium less than 1 ppm), and strict bacteria counts—total plate counts below 1,000 cfu/g, no E. coli or salmonella. Extract strength is labeled by iridoid glycoside content (usually 2%–10% geniposidic acid). For industrial-grade gutta-percha, tensile strength reporting and thermal transition temperatures reach the datasheets. Capsules and tablets list the source organ, extract percentage, excipients, and directions for use. For export, labels translate into multiple languages and comply with ISO, FDA, or EU pharmacopeial standards, including batch number, origin, and expiry date.
Harvesters typically collect barks from mature trees in late spring or fall, peeling strips and drying them under shade, sometimes using low-temperature ovens to accelerate moisture removal. Once dry, the bark gets cut into pieces or milled into powder. Extraction for dietary or pharmaceutical use calls for macerating bark in ethanol or hot water, filtering the solution, and concentrating the filtrate to a desired potency. One batch can yield 10–20% extract by weight. For gutta-percha, slicing the whole plant releases milky latex, followed by washing, filtration, and coagulation with acid or chilling, then purification by repeated washing and gentle molding. At every step, technicians log lot numbers, weights, and times, watching for contamination to keep quality high.
Scientists search for ways to tailor Eucommia’s chemistry to suit evolving medical and industrial goals. The iridoids, for instance, can undergo hydrolysis or glycosylation, altering their solubility and bioavailability. Polymer researchers delve into vulcanization reactions with gutta-percha, boosting its elasticity for dental and orthopedic implants. Antioxidants are sometimes added to leaf extracts to slow degradation for beverage use. Enzymatic reactions serve in bioconversion, tweaking molecular weights to change the polymer’s melting point or elasticity. These processes introduce fresh applications, from flexible electronics to biodegradable plastics, all while maintaining the green credentials that root the plant in natural product chemistry.
On global markets, this tree’s identity doesn’t hide. “Du Zhong” and “Eucommiae Cortex” reign in Asian herbal pharmacies, while western labels lean toward “Hardy Rubber Tree,” “Eucommia Extract,” or simply “Gutta-Percha.” Trade in industrial applications brings up “Trans-1,4-Polyisoprene,” “Eucommia Rubber,” and “Natural Polyisoprene.” Pharmacopeias standardize identity, often listing multiple accepted names in Latin, English, and local dialects, and packaging follows suit to help trace ingredients from farm, through processing, to consumer shelves.
Farming and processing Eucommia bring specific safety tasks. Agricultural workers wear gloves to handle raw bark, since the latex can trigger mild skin irritation. During extraction, chemical handling rules apply—ethanol vapors and acid baths require proper ventilation and splash shields. Facilities regulated under cGMP maintain sample retention, cleaning logs, allergen controls, and precise environmental monitoring for mold. In the lab, analysts test batches for pesticides, mycotoxins, and foreign plant matter. Reputable brands conduct third-party lab tests, a practice that grows increasingly important as supplement markets tighten standards and regulators make surprise inspections.
In medicine, Eucommia sees use as a kidney tonic, blood pressure regulator, and joint comfort aid. Doctors in both eastern and western hospitals apply extracts in osteoarthritis management and as an adjunct for hypertension. Teas and capsules remain common in both health food shops and traditional clinics. Materials researchers deploy gutta-percha as a substitute for tropical rubbers, especially in dental fillings, biomedical devices, and insulation for specialty cables. In agriculture, Eucommia leaf residues feed livestock or boost soil nutrients. Green chemists push for biodegradable plastics and nontoxic adhesives from modified Eucommia rubber, betting on renewable resource credentials to win over eco-conscious innovators worldwide.
Across China, Japan, and the U.S., teams race to map out the full genome for Eucommia, aiming to breed strains with higher active compound yields or resin content. Pharmaceutical labs isolate new iridoids and lignans, testing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal effects using cell and animal studies. Materials engineers craft hybrid composites using Eucommia rubber with nanomaterials for extra strength or toughness. In nutrition science, recent clinical trials track the supplement’s effects on blood lipids, liver enzymes, and cartilage metabolism, with early findings suggesting potential but not yet a green light for claimed health effects. Investors and startups watch patent filings on extraction tech, delivery systems, and unique polymer blends.
Animal safety studies often show low acute toxicity at reasonable dosages for both bark extract and leaf tea, but overdoses raise liver enzyme levels and bring mild gastrointestinal symptoms. Chronic use studies with rats over six months report no significant carcinogenic effects at therapeutic doses, though questions linger about impurities. A rare batch contaminated with aflatoxins from poor storage once made headlines, pushing the industry to double down on mold and mycotoxin screening. No formal reports of allergic shock exist, yet health professionals hesitate to recommend Eucommia to pregnant women or those with liver compromises until more specific studies roll in. This caution reflects a broader trend in plant-derived supplements—rigorous proof of safety must keep pace with claims and folk wisdom.
The next era for Eucommia ulmoides stretches well beyond its herbal medicine roots. With pressure on rubber plantations and global moves away from petrochemicals, industries turn to Eucommia for latex alternatives, medical-grade polymers, and functional foods rich in bioactive compounds. CRISPR and other new breeding tools promise hardier trees and higher chemical yields. On the health front, multidisciplinary teams dig into chronic disease prevention, eyeing metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular risk. Success hinges on bridging traditional uses with validated clinical research and building greener, tighter supply chains. The story grows not just in herbal medicine journals or patents but by blending practical science with health and industry needs.
Eucommia ulmoides, often called the hardy rubber tree, keeps showing up in the old herbal medicine books of China. Digging into why, I found out it’s not just folklore. In my own family, some older relatives swear by the value of Eucommia tea for joint pain. This isn’t magic—it’s a plant rich in lignans, iridoids, and gutta-percha, compounds that researchers keep linking to human health benefits.
Plenty of people I know worry about high blood pressure as they get older. There’s been a steady flow of research, much of it out of China and Japan, showing that Eucommia bark extracts show a mild but real effect in reducing blood pressure. The key lies in the plant’s ability to relax blood vessels. One study in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology tracked patients after taking Eucommia supplements for a few months and found their systolic and diastolic readings dropped. That’s a practical result you can feel, not a miracle cure, but a supportive part of a daily routine.
Joint pain and bone loss often creep in with age. In rural areas where prescription meds run short, families turn to what grows locally. Eucommia ulmoides gets chewed, added to tea, or blended in soup in many such places. Science shows that its compounds interact with the body’s collagen-building pathways. Chinese studies suggest an improvement in bone density markers after regular use. Although it shouldn't stand in for proven therapies when osteoporosis strikes, many people notice a difference and enjoy moving better.
Eating right and exercising both keep the heart strong, but sometimes a little extra help comes from plants. Eucommia’s antioxidant load plays a role in guarding against cell damage and lowering inflammation in the cardiovascular system. Evidence points to reduced triglyceride and LDL cholesterol numbers in animal studies, and a small group of humans reported lower cholesterol after two months of daily use. That’s enough to make doctors and skeptics pay attention and call for more controlled trials.
Some personal friends working in healthcare see more early diabetes cases every year. Eucommia’s ability to influence blood sugar surprised me. Experiments published in Phytomedicine suggest glucose tolerance goes up a notch after including this herb in the diet. The plant’s extracts help slow down sugar spikes after eating and may support better insulin sensitivity. This doesn’t replace medical advice or medication, but it carries real promise for people looking for an extra edge.
Eucommia might sound exotic but it becomes part of everyday wellness through tea, capsules, or food. No magic bullet exists—diet, exercise, sleep, and check-ups all matter. Yet, the results from traditional use and emerging research tell us this tree has stood the test of time for good reason.
Talking with your healthcare provider always remains step one before starting a new supplement. Not every batch or product proves safe or pure. A reliable supplier, transparency about sourcing, and clear labeling mean less risk. If you’re pregnant, nursing, or already on medication, taking extra care becomes even more important. I trust herbs that have a strong safety record and solid backing from decades of use along with new trials.
Eucommia ulmoides doesn’t show up on many grocery lists. People in China have brewed its bark into tea for hundreds of years, hoping for stronger bones or a steadier back. I remember meeting a neighbor who carried a homemade decoction in a thermos on cold mornings—he swore by its nutty aroma and the way it loosened the stiffness in his knees. These stories got me curious, so I started paying attention to herbal shops on street corners and local markets. You quickly see that eucommia comes in tea, capsules, and powder, each promising a little piece of that tradition wrapped up for modern life.
Food safety stories give everyone pause. Not all supplements come with the oversight a doctor expects. So, you want to check for GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) certification or evidence of independent lab tests before grabbing a bottle. Another thing: some products sneak in fillers. You don’t want sawdust with your eucommia. It helps to choose brands with transparent sourcing and actual contact information. Reliable companies talk about their farmers, their growing regions, and what extraction methods they use.
I once tried eucommia bark tea at a friend’s house. It tasted earthy, with a touch of bitter tang that made it a natural fit after oily food. A lot of people pour hot water over sliced bark and let it steep for at least ten minutes. No sugar, no honey—the flavor gains depth with patience. Some just chew the bark, though it takes a tough jaw. Capsules and powders simplify things. These let you control the dose without fussing over brewing instructions. I’ve seen powders added to smoothies the same way folks dump in spinach or flaxseed—no drama, just a boost with breakfast.
Eucommia holds promise in scientific literature. Some studies point out potential benefits for blood pressure, joint health, and metabolic function. Researchers at major Chinese universities have gathered encouraging early findings. Still, nobody claims this herb replaces a balanced diet or makes a sore back vanish overnight. I knew a runner who took eucommia thinking it might help her joints. She paired it with daily stretching and regular rest—not magic, but thoughtful self-care. People taking medication for blood pressure or blood sugar should talk to a doctor before diving in. Interactions don’t always announce themselves. Side effects remain rare, but stomach upset pops up on occasion, so starting small makes sense.
Habits stick better when they fit your routine. Some enjoy a morning cup of eucommia tea, taking a moment before the rush of work or errands. Others slip a capsule with lunch if brewing tea doesn’t sound appealing. At night, I sometimes prefer a warm infusion because it pairs well with quiet reading. Consistency counts as much as dosage. No single superfood turns the health ship around in a day, but steady steps build stronger ground.
Eucommia ulmoides threads together traditional hopes and modern curiosity. Approach it like any supplement—slowly, thoughtfully, and with some homework about where it came from. There’s something steadying about rituals that stretch back centuries, but each person has to find their own way with new foods or herbs. Stay honest with yourself, listen to your body, and look for honest labels. If that means sharing a pot of tea with an old friend or experimenting alone, the journey counts as much as the destination.
Eucommia ulmoides, known as Du Zhong, draws a lot of attention in traditional Chinese medicine. People reach for it hoping to help their blood pressure, back pain, or just to find some extra support for their joints and bones. Supermarkets and online shops pack the bark into teas, capsules, and powders with glowing promises. This tree has a long, proud history, but it’s easy to forget plants aren’t just gentle helpers. Every herb, no matter its age or popularity, can cause problems or slip past what a body expects.
Few clinical trials dig deep into how this plant’s bark really affects the average user. Most people take it without instant trouble, but reports sometimes point to dry mouth, stomach upset, and lightheadedness. Even headache and mild diarrhea poke into the records here and there. These reactions don’t pop up often, but the human body varies more than labels suggest. What sits fine with one person might stir up trouble in another.
Some folks live with allergies they do not always expect. Products mixed with other herbs throw in even more risk, and it gets tough to say which plant caused a sudden itch or rash. I’ve talked to people who try force of will to “push through,” but that can turn a runny nose into something more dangerous pretty quickly. A handful of documented cases mention swelling, itching, and even hives—rare, but serious enough for caution. Anyone who’s known for strong reactions to herbal products should take one tiny dose or skip it outright.
Eucommia has a reputation for lowering blood pressure. For those already on antihypertensives, levels could drop too far. Signs like dizziness or fainting could hit hard, especially if a person stands up too fast or skips a meal. Blood sugar effects don’t show up as strongly, but there’s no guarantee. Herbal blends often list too many ingredients in fine print, and pills from overseas sometimes swap labels or hide additives, making things unpredictable.
Liver troubles pop up in the world of herbal medicine more often than most expect. The data for Eucommia and liver safety remains thin. Most medical oversight groups say it’s safe for healthy folks in modest doses, but regular long-term use hasn’t seen big clinical studies. I’ve seen doctors urge caution and ask patients to report any change in urine color, fatigue, or yellowing eyes. Mixing herbs with prescription medications can trigger hidden toxicity—even when classic texts call the herb “gentle.”
Herbal medicine isn’t a game of guesswork. Quality control, dose, and purity matter—yet many bottles skip strict testing or lack certification. Adulteration and contamination with metals can happen. The best approach sticks with a known supplier, and never skips checking with a health professional (especially for people pregnant, elderly, or already taking medication). I always recommend talking to a pharmacist or doctor about every supplement someone tries. If something feels “off,” stop and seek medical advice right away.
Old herbs deserve respect and serious research, not just folklore. Eucommia brings benefits for some, but it brings risks too. Testing, clear communication, and checking for interactions—these keep traditional remedies safely in the modern world. Personal stories matter, but science and safety matter just as much.
If you spend any time in natural health stores or browsing herbal supplement aisles, the name Eucommia ulmoides might catch your eye. Sometimes called Du Zhong, this hardy tree comes from China and often shows up in teas or capsules touted for supporting blood pressure, joint health, and even weight management. Stories of its use in traditional Chinese medicine stretch back hundreds of years. No shortage of claims—some people swear by it, others raise an eyebrow.
Western shoppers see “herbal” and picture safety. Experience and research tell a different story. No plant works in isolation once it ends up in your body, and Eucommia is no exception. It contains compounds such as lignans and iridoids, which have shown activity in the lab and animal studies. Some researchers notice effects like lower blood pressure or mild immune support. That sounds promising if you want a natural edge, but everything in medicine comes with a balance of benefits and risks.
Take blood pressure drugs as an example. Some animal studies suggest Eucommia can bring pressure down a notch. Now picture doubling up with prescribed medication—pressure slips too low, you risk dizziness or falls. The same goes for people already taking herbs like hawthorn or garlic, which might also drop blood pressure or thin the blood a bit. No one wants unexpected side effects or interactions from stacking these without careful thought.
Our bodies use certain enzyme systems, like cytochrome P450 in the liver, to handle almost every supplement or drug. Some herbs ring the bell loud enough to turn up or shut down these enzyme systems, changing how fast or slow the body uses prescription medication. Early studies with Eucommia indicate a potential impact on these liver pathways, so the possibility of interaction exists even if no human studies say exactly how often it happens.
Supplements in general can also add to each other’s effects. For example, those managing diabetes with medicine notice the effects of herbs that change blood sugar. Eucommia seems to play a role with blood sugar in some lab works, so adding it to the daily routine of someone taking metformin or insulin brings unpredictability. You don’t need a massive side effect—sometimes just subtle changes cause trouble over weeks or months.
Open communication drives good decisions. Telling your doctor or pharmacist about every supplement, not just prescriptions, helps flag possible problems before you add anything new. Bring the actual supplement bottles to appointments. Health pros want to know brand names and doses, not just a vague “herbal tea.” Pharmacies today track some supplement-drug interactions; even though Eucommia isn’t among the most-studied, alerts pop up if researchers spot a pattern over time.
Reading reliable scientific sources matters. Not every blog post gives the full picture or shows real-world risks. The National Institutes of Health and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center offer up-to-date facts about herb-drug mixes. If you live with chronic diseases or take medication, double-check before starting any new supplement, especially one with active compounds.
Some herbs plug into modern health routines. Eucommia ulmoides offers historic appeal and real pharmacology, not just folklore. Good health comes from blending wisdom—old and new—with practical steps. If you care about long-term safety, talk openly about herbs just like you would any prescription. That open conversation remains the safest route for anyone who mixes ancient plants with today’s medicine.
Shoppers looking for authentic Eucommia ulmoides often feel lost in a sea of options. This isn’t just a fancy herbal trend – we're talking about a plant steeped in history, showing up in both Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) cabinets and modern supplement aisles. People aren’t just buying out of curiosity. They want products that deliver on the promise of real bark, leaves, or extracts, not just an impressive label.
In the world of herbal supplements, trust comes from seeing evidence. Reliable sellers share full ingredient lists, testing certificates, and often even photos of their farm or processing facilities. It helps to find brands that voluntarily submit products for independent testing. I’ve learned that certifications like GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) and organic verification don’t just exist for big pharma – a genuine company selling Eucommia will want you to see these badges before you buy.
Sourcing quality Eucommia feels a lot like picking good produce at the market. You know which vendor takes pride in where their things come from. Reputable herbal shops in Chinatown, international health stores like iHerb, and TCM clinics typically carry products sourced through traceable routes. Watch out for third-party sellers on e-commerce platforms — a recognizable name gets you closer to the real plant, not just a catchy label. Look for official distributor information or direct purchase links back to the source.
Problems fly in when buyers chase after the cheapest deal without asking questions. Adulteration remains a common risk, especially in bulk powders and capsules sold through mass-market sites. Research from JAMA and other journals has shown that supplements sometimes don't match their labels. I always ask brands for current Certificates of Analysis (COAs). If a seller won’t answer straight, I move on – transparency stands as proof, not just marketing.
Word-of-mouth shows up strong here. Seasoned users share stories in local communities and on niche wellness forums. They talk about changes in taste, color, or effects. These small details, collected over years, catch signs of purity that labs sometimes miss. Loyal customers return because their bodies notice the difference.
My first question always centers on sourcing. Where was the plant grown? Which part of the plant ends up in this extract? Which processing steps took place before it landed in a package? I also check labels carefully for extra additives, artificial binders, or synthetic flavors. A long list of unfamiliar chemicals gives me pause.
Regulators like the FDA have started warning buyers about unverified health claims connected to traditional botanicals. Those warnings reflect real risks. The herbal industry keeps moving toward better traceability. Blockchain solutions, QR-code tracking, and transparent co-ops all point to a future where a shopper knows exactly which hillside their Eucommia bark once grew on. For now, strong habits—questioning, double-checking, and reading every word—guard against disappointment and keep trust alive.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Eucommia ulmoides |
| Other names |
Du Zhong Chinese rubber tree Eucommia bark |
| Pronunciation | /juːˈkɒmiə ʌlˈmɔɪdiːz/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Eucommia ulmoides |
| Other names |
Du Zhong Eucommia bark Silk-bark Gutta-percha tree Tochu |
| Pronunciation | /juːˈkɒmiə ʌlˈmɔɪdiːz/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 313-85-3 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | NA |
| Beilstein Reference | 4-08-00-01509 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:137284 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL491816 |
| ChemSpider | 591019 |
| DrugBank | DB14147 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100625-74-1 |
| EC Number | 3.2.1.31 |
| Gmelin Reference | 57508 |
| KEGG | C09751 |
| MeSH | D049731 |
| PubChem CID | 122922 |
| RTECS number | GL9135000 |
| UNII | WWI632ZZ98 |
| UN number | not assigned |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID7020182 |
| CAS Number | 8023-74-3 |
| Beilstein Reference | 4139472 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:135228 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL491801 |
| ChemSpider | 5493346 |
| DrugBank | DB14141 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100939 |
| EC Number | 7.1.1.14 |
| Gmelin Reference | 8581 |
| KEGG | C09747 |
| MeSH | D031084 |
| PubChem CID | 122922 |
| RTECS number | RA2450000 |
| UNII | 6V474Q75ZI |
| UN number | not assigned |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C18H24O9 |
| Appearance | Greyish-brown bark, irregularly shaped dried slices, with a leathery texture and visible white or yellowish latex threads when broken |
| Odor | Characteristic |
| Density | Dried Eucommia ulmoides: 0.25-0.35 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Slightly soluble |
| log P | 3.18 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 6.81 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 12.63 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.495 |
| Dipole moment | 0.00 D |
| Chemical formula | C18H24O6 |
| Molar mass | unknown |
| Appearance | Dried grayish-brown bark with a slightly curved or rolled shape, rough outer surface with longitudinal wrinkles, and visible threads of white latex when broken. |
| Odor | Slight characteristic odor |
| Density | 0.46 g/cm3 |
| Solubility in water | slightly soluble |
| log P | 2.66 |
| Acidity (pKa) | 6.5 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 13.64 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | unknown |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.528 |
| Dipole moment | 0.00 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | Eucommia Ulmoides |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 213.5 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | G04BX16 |
| ATC code | V03AX61 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Not hazardous. |
| GHS labelling | EUH208: May cause an allergic skin reaction. |
| Pictograms | 🟢🌿🌳💊 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | Not a hazardous substance or mixture according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) |
| Precautionary statements | Keep out of reach of children. If you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition, consult your physician before using this product. |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | NFPA 704: 0-0-0 |
| Flash point | > 240°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 450°C |
| LD50 (median dose) | LD50 (median dose) of Eucommia Ulmoides: >5 g/kg (oral, mouse) |
| NIOSH | Not Listed |
| PEL (Permissible) | no permissible limit established |
| REL (Recommended) | 3-6g |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not listed |
| Main hazards | No significant hazards. |
| GHS labelling | GHS labelling: Not classified as hazardous according to GHS |
| Pictograms | 🟢🌿💧 |
| Hazard statements | Eucommia Ulmoides is not classified as hazardous according to GHS. |
| Precautionary statements | Keep out of reach of children. Consult your healthcare provider before use if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medications, or have a medical condition. Store in a cool, dry place. Do not exceed recommended dosage. |
| Flash point | Flash point: >100°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 220°C |
| LD50 (median dose) | > 3.60 g/kg |
| NIOSH | HM4004845 |
| PEL (Permissible) | Not established |
| REL (Recommended) | REL (Recommended): 98 mg/day |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Chlorogenic acid Pinoresinol diglucoside Geniposidic acid Aucubin β-Sitosterol Gallic acid Ursolic acid Rutin |
| Related compounds |
Chlorogenic acid Geniposidic acid Aucubin Pinoresinol diglucoside Quercetin Rutin Caffeic acid |
