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Product Name: Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate
Other Names: Blue vitriol, Cupric sulfate pentahydrate
CAS Number: 7758-99-8
Molecular Formula: CuSO₄·5H₂O
Recommended Use: Agriculture, fungicide, herbicide, analytical reagent, electroplating
Manufacturer Contact: Emergency phone numbers, address of supplier or distributor provided on packaging
UN Number: 3077
Relevant Identified Uses: Laboratory chemical, industrial manufacturing, pest control
Restrictions on Use: Not for human consumption or veterinary use outside approved scopes
Physical Appearance: Blue crystalline solid
GHS Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Eye irritation, Skin irritation, Aquatic acute and chronic hazard
Label Elements: Skull and crossbones symbol, exclamation mark, environmental hazard pictogram
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects, causes severe eye irritation, may cause skin irritation
Precautionary Statements: Wash hands thoroughly after handling, avoid release to environment, wear protective clothing and face/eye protection, do not eat, drink or smoke when using, if swallowed call a poison center, rinse eyes cautiously with water
Routes of Entry: Inhalation, skin, ingestion
Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: Chronic exposure may worsen liver or kidney function, or worsen skin and respiratory conditions
Chemical Name: Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate
Chemical Formula: CuSO₄·5H₂O
Synonyms: Copper sulfate, Blue vitriol, Roman vitriol
Content: 97-99% by weight
Other Ingredients: Trace impurities possible, no significant stabilizers or additives
EC Number: 231-847-6
Hazardous Components: Only one listed, copper sulfate pentahydrate
Impurities Controlled: Arsenic, lead, mercury generally below allowable limits according to local and international standards
Inhalation: Move exposed person to fresh air, keep individual warm and at rest, seek medical attention if symptoms persist such as coughing, shortness of breath or irritation
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse affected skin with plenty of water for several minutes, seek attention if irritation develops
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes cautiously with water for at least fifteen minutes, remove contact lenses if present and easy, obtain medical help if pain or redness continues
Ingestion: Rinse mouth with water, do not induce vomiting, drink two glasses of water, get immediate medical advice, never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person
Most Important Symptoms: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, headache, weakness, burns or irritation to tissues
Medical Attention and Special Treatment: Doctors may administer chelating agents for copper poisoning, treat symptoms with supportive care
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam, water spray as fog (not direct jet)
Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: None known for the chemical, use extinguishing agent suitable for the surrounding fire
Specific Hazards: Emits toxic copper fumes and sulfur oxides on decomposition, produces irritating and corrosive gases under fire conditions
Protective Equipment for Firefighters: Self-contained breathing apparatus, full protective suit
Special Procedures: Move containers from fire area if you can do so without risk, control runoff water, avoid inhalation of combustion products
Explosion Hazards: Not itself combustible, but heat may increase pressure in closed containers
Personal Precautions: Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, use personal protective equipment, prevent dust formation
Emergency Procedures: Isolate spill area, ventilate, keep unnecessary people away
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into sewers, drains, waterways, and soil, report releases to authorities as required
Containment: Collect spillage using non-sparking tools, shovel into dry containers
Cleaning Up: Sweep up avoiding dust, dispose of in accordance with local regulations, wash area with plenty of water after removal
Handling: Avoid generation and inhalation of dust, handle with care using gloves and goggles, wash hands before eating or smoking, keep container tightly closed
Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from incompatible materials such as strong acids and bases, keep out of direct sunlight,
Packaging: Use corrosion-resistant containers, avoid metal since copper sulfate may be corrosive, ensure secondary containment if large quantities stored
Incompatibilities: Reducing agents, magnesium, sodium hypochlorite, strong alkalis
Shelf Life: Product remains stable for several years under recommended conditions
Occupational Exposure Limits: ACGIH TLV for copper dust/mist: 1 mg/m3 (TWA), OSHA PEL: 1 mg/m3
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation to maintain air concentrations below recommended limits, provide eyewash stations and safety showers in work area
Respiratory Protection: Use approved respirator if occupational exposure limits are exceeded, especially in dust-producing environments
Hand Protection: Impervious gloves (PVC, nitrile, rubber)
Eye Protection: Safety glasses or chemical splash goggles
Skin and Body Protection: Laboratory coat, chemical-resistant apron, closed-toe shoes
Hygiene Measures: Keep away from food and drinks, avoid hand-to-mouth contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash thoroughly after handling
Monitoring: Routine workplace air monitoring if regularly handling large quantities
Appearance: Blue, odorless crystals
Odor: Odorless
pH: 3.5–4.5 (solution, 10%)
Melting Point: 110°C (decomposes and loses water)
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposes before boiling)
Solubility: Soluble in water (about 23 g/100 ml at 20°C), slightly soluble in methanol and glycerol
Density: 2.28 g/cm³ at 20°C
Flash Point: Not flammable
Explosive Properties: Not known to be explosive
Vapor Pressure: Negligible (solid)
Partition Coefficient: Log Pow = -2.19 (water)
Evaporation Rate: Not applicable
Decomposition Temperature: 150°C (loses crystal water, decomposes further at higher temperatures)
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions of storage and use
Hazardous Reactions: Reacts with strong acids, bases, and reducing agents, can yield toxic sulfur oxides or copper fumes
Incompatible Materials: Alkali metals, magnesium, sodium hypochlorite, strong alkalis
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Sulfur oxides, copper oxides
Polymerization: Will not occur
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, moisture, incompatible substances
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 300 mg/kg, Dermal LD50 (rat): >2000 mg/kg, Inhalation LC50 (rat): >2.03 mg/L/4h
Skin Corrosion/Irritation: May cause irritation, rash, redness
Serious Eye Damage/Irritation: Severe irritation, pain, redness, tearing, can cause eye damage
Respiratory Sensitization: Irritation of mucous membranes, coughing, possible bronchitis if inhaled as dust
Chronic Effects: Anemia, liver and kidney damage from repeated high exposures, metal fume fever possible in rare cases
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as carcinogen by IARC, NTP, OSHA
Reproductive Toxicity: Possible effects on fertility or the unborn child based on animal data
Other Effects: May cause gastrointestinal upset, blue-green discoloration of vomitus and feces
Ecotoxicity: Very toxic to aquatic organisms, LC50 (fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss): 0.1–2.5 mg/L/96hr
Bioaccumulation: Potential to bioconcentrate in aquatic species
Persistence and Degradability: Copper is not easily biodegradable, persists in soils and silt
Mobility: Dissolves in water, migrates into groundwater if spilled
Effects on Environment: Harmful to aquatic invertebrates, algae, fish, disrupts biological processes in water treatments
Other Adverse Effects: Acidification and heavy metal contamination of water bodies from uncontrolled release
Disposal Methods: Dispose of as hazardous chemical waste according to local, regional, and national regulations, do not release into drains, surface or ground water
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse containers thoroughly before disposal, puncture to avoid reuse
EU Waste Code: 06 03 14 (solid salts and solutions), check for local regulations
Precautions: Always consult waste management and environmental authorities for safe disposal, don’t mix with incompatible materials during disposal
Recycling: Copper sulfate sometimes recycled in industry; check possibilities for recovery before disposal
UN Number: 3077
UN Proper Shipping Name: Environmentally hazardous substance, solid, n.o.s. (contains copper sulfate pentahydrate)
Transport Hazard Class: 9 (Miscellaneous hazardous substances)
Packing Group: III
Special Precautions for Transport: Avoid breakage and spillage, label properly, keep away from foodstuffs and animal feeds
Environmental Hazards: Classified as a marine pollutant
Transport Labels: Dangerous for the environment (tree and fish symbol), miscellaneous hazard
Additional Information: Subject to transport regulations for road (ADR), rail (RID), sea (IMDG), and air (IATA)
EU Regulations: REACH Registration required, CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 classification, subject to Annex XVII restrictions
US Regulations: TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) listed, CERCLA reportable quantity: 10 lbs (4.54 kg), subject to SARA Title III, Section 313
Canadian Regulations: DSL/NDSL listed, WHMIS classification D2B (Toxic Material)
Other Country Regulations: Listed on AICS (Australia), ENCS (Japan), EINECS (EU), Philippines (PICCS), South Korea (KECL), New Zealand (NZIoC)
Labeling Requirements: GHS and local language labels, ensure international compliance for workplace safety
Workplace Controls: Required risk assessments, training, PPE provision and monitoring
Use Restrictions: Subject to separate controls for agricultural, veterinary, and laboratory applications, maximum use rates and environmental permit limits apply
