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People used to carry spices across continents for trade, and among the cargo, clove leaf oil played its part in shaping commerce and daily life. Centuries ago, traders in the Maluku Islands distilled oil from clove leaves for use in everything from healing practices to food preservation. After making its way into European markets, the oil turned up in apothecaries and kitchens alike, valued for both flavor and perceived medicinal properties. By the late 19th century, more reliable distillation and refining spread through Asia, Africa, and South America, letting producers isolate the signature compounds that give the oil its pungent, warming aroma. Through the lens of history, clove leaf oil stands out not just as an aromatic, but as a node connecting people, economies, and medical traditions across eras.
Clove leaf oil comes from leaves of the Syzygium aromaticum tree, not the buds people often associate with the spice jar. The oil pools with complex fragrance, capturing both spicy and woody notes, making it popular in everything from soaps to oral care and flavorings. Most bottles on the shelf range from pale yellow to brownish, with a sharp, familiar scent underlined by sweetness. Products arrive in both pure forms and various blends for industrial and consumer use, often standardized for eugenol content to help with product consistency.
Pour some out, and you’ll notice clove leaf oil feels slightly viscous and oily. Its specific gravity tends to settle between 1.030 and 1.060, and refractive index hovers near 1.530 to 1.541. The oil doesn’t dissolve well in water, but teams up easily with alcohols and organic solvents, which helps during formulation for ointments and sprays. Chemistry-wise, eugenol forms the backbone, frequently representing more than 70% of the composition. Beyond eugenol, compounds like acetyl eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, and other terpenes round out the chemical palette. This balance of constituents shapes the oil’s aroma, flavor, and cleaning power in real-world applications.
Labels do more than fill space—they give buyers crucial data. Analysts examine eugenol percentage, color, odor profile, and solubility as key technical benchmarks. Labels spell out the country of origin, extraction method, and quality assurance results, such as refractive index and relative density. Some regions require allergen disclosure due to sensitivity issues. In regulated markets, product testing ensures purity, sets upper limits on heavy metals, and screens for pesticide residues. Guidance from industry bodies like ISO or local pharmacopeias often underpins quality specifications, setting the bar high for manufacturers competing in global supply chains.
The most common way to get clove leaf oil out of the leaves uses steam distillation. Farmers collect branches, strip the leaves, dry them for a bit, and then load them into a distillation unit. Steam carries volatile oils away from the leaf mass. Once the vapors cool, oil separates from the water and gets collected for further filtering or direct packaging. Some producers use water distillation, but steam gives better yields and preserves delicate aroma compounds. The method doesn’t just influence efficiency—it shapes the oil profile, impacting everything from smell to flavor in the finished bottle. Harvest timing and leaf age both influence oil yield and quality, demanding attention to detail.
Eugenol, the star molecule in clove leaf oil, acts as a chemical building block for other value-added products. Chemical industries use eugenol as a precursor in vanillin synthesis, creating a bridge between spice and flavoring agents. Through acetylation or methylation, companies adjust the base structure to craft derivatives for perfumery and flavoring. Reaction with oxidizing agents can yield quinones and resinous substances, supporting uses in specialized industrial chemistry. Working with clove oil demands respect for the volatility of these transformations, since altering a molecule here means shifting scent or irritancy there. The deeper one dives into modifications, the more possibilities open up for formulators and researchers.
Walk down any supplier’s list and you’ll spot clove leaf oil hiding under aliases like “clove oil (leaf),” “oil of clove leaves,” or simply “Eugenol oil.” INCI labels—used in cosmetics—favor “Eugenia Caryophyllus Leaf Oil.” Some old-world texts still call it “Oleum Caryophylli Foliorum.” The range of synonyms reflects regional language and industry tradition, challenging buyers to stay alert and make sense of what actually sits inside any labeled drum or bottle.
Clove leaf oil demands care in handling. High-eugenol content gives powerful fragrance but also strong biological effects—skin irritation, eye stinging, and respiratory effects can all pop up without proper protection. Good operators wear gloves, eye shields, and work in ventilated spaces. Regulations in Europe and North America classify eugenol as a sensitizer, so manufacturers take pains with labeling and documentation. Floors stay clean, spill kits line the wall, and storage away from heat and light prevents degradation. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) feed into training, ensuring teams handle every step, from blending to bottling, with full respect for the oil’s properties and risks.
The uses of clove leaf oil stretch wide. The oil flavors confections, gums, and bakery goods, infusing them with a spicy, aromatic punch. In dental clinics, diluted preparations help numb mouths and mask bad breath, which has kept the oil in demand for dental cements and mouthwashes. Cleaning product formulators like to add it for both fragrance and antimicrobial effects; its strong aroma cuts through household smells and helps fight spoilage in finished goods. Cosmetic lines add measured doses to skin creams, soaps, and massage oils, where the oil soothes and scents. Outside the industrial corridor, farmers and gardeners see it as a natural pesticide, targeting fungal infestations and common insects—often as an alternative to synthetic chemicals.
Universities and private labs keep probing the benefits and limits of clove leaf oil. Recent studies look at its use in wound healing, showing promise for both antimicrobial action and inflammation control. Food scientists parse its functions as both an antioxidant and flavor enhancer, probing ways to extend shelf life without artificial chemicals. The push for green chemistry leads companies to explore improved extraction and purification, branching into techniques like supercritical CO₂ extraction for better yields and environmental footprints. Advances in nanotechnology may unlock new delivery systems, where encapsulated oil provides controlled release in both food and medical products. Over time, R&D teams help bridge the gap between traditional folk uses and modern regulatory scrutiny, validating claims and opening new market pathways.
High doses of clove leaf oil don’t play around. Consuming or applying concentrated oil can lead to skin blisters, liver issues, or even respiratory problems if inhaled carelessly. Scientific studies tracked cytotoxicity in vitro, reporting cell damage at certain concentrations—prompting health authorities to limit exposure values. Veterinary reports cite potential toxicity in pets and livestock, so home users need to pay close attention. Guidelines from agencies like the EPA and EFSA underpin safe dosing in commercial products, while occupational health protocols cut the risk for workers who handle large amounts regularly. Documented cases of allergic response, especially from contact with eugenol-containing formulas, keep safety on the front burner for both manufacturers and end-users.
Looking ahead, there’s no shortage of opportunity for clove leaf oil. With the global pivot toward plant-based ingredients, demand for natural antimicrobials, fragrances, and flavorings grows by the year. Biotechnology opens up options—microbial fermentation may offer sustainable eugenol production, boosting supply and quality control. The green pesticide market remains a fertile field, with growers seeking safer tools for integrated pest management. Expanded research may uncover therapeutic angles, including antiviral or anti-inflammatory applications supported by robust clinical data. Success in this space will depend on ongoing monitoring of both safety and sustainability, keeping the oil’s benefits in play while minimizing its risks, all backed by solid science and hands-on expertise.
Clove leaf oil shows up a lot more often in household cleaners than most people realize. Long before scented candles lined store shelves, people used this oil to keep their homes clean. Its strong, spicy smell does more than cover up mildew—there’s eugenol inside, which goes after bacteria, fungi, and even some viruses. I watched my grandmother mix a few drops into warm water for wiping down kitchen counters. The cleaning power lives up to its reputation. In tests, clove oil holds its own against commercial products, fighting off E. coli and Staphylococcus strains. Some brands pick clove for natural cleaning lines, sidestepping harsh lab-made chemicals.
Dentists know why clove leaf oil keeps sticking around. Even as dental products change, the oil’s a regular in toothache remedies. Eugenol delivers a numbing kick that soothes sore gums far better than most folks expect from something plant-based. The American Dental Association recognizes its use in managing minor dental pain. That’s how I first got introduced to clove leaf oil—dabbed onto a cotton ball and pressed on an aching molar. Gum inflammation, canker sores, and stubborn mouth odors all settle down with careful application. Toothpaste makers and mouthwash brands blend in clove oil for both the bite and the benefits.
Clove leaf oil has a history outside of kitchens and dentist offices. People fighting off silverfish, moths, or ants know this secret: a few drops where bugs sneak in slows them down. Farmers spray diluted clove oil instead of reaching for harsh, persistent insecticides. The strong aroma works as a repellent for termites and mosquitoes. According to studies published in the Journal of Economic Entomology, clove oil disrupts bug nerve cells, pushing them to stay away. For anyone looking to limit chemical exposure indoors or in gardens, this oil shows real results.
Muscles sometimes tighten up and ache without warning. That’s where I reach for a bottle of clove leaf oil blended into a simple massage oil. Rubbing it on sore shoulders seems to ease the pain. Some research points toward the anti-inflammatory qualities tied to eugenol. You’ll find it inside balms, hot rub ointments, and homemade muscle soaks. Aromatherapists lean on its bold, comforting scent to help folks unwind after a long day, though a hefty dose can get overwhelming.
Whole cloves have flavored food for generations, but the oil steps in as a powerful extract. Food scientists use clove leaf oil as a natural preservative—food stored with a drop or two hangs onto freshness longer, especially when it comes to baked goods and pickles. The World Health Organization gives it the green light as a food flavoring, as long as producers keep careful watch on amounts. Spices and teas get a deeper, woodsy kick from the oil’s earthy tang.
Demand for clove leaf oil keeps growing. Reliable sourcing and quality control matter. Lab tests and certification from independent groups help prevent oil adulteration. Supporting producers who harvest clove trees without stripping forests helps native communities stay afloat and protects natural resources in Indonesia and Madagascar, where most clove oil grows. Zero-waste packaging and partnerships with farmers set a solid example for responsible business in this field.
Clove leaf oil gained a lot of attention for its supposed natural healing power. It comes from the Eugenia caryophyllata tree, and folk medicine often turns to it for toothaches, joint pain, or even fighting off infections. Stories about remedies passed down in many families give it a certain appeal. My own grandmother used to keep a little brown bottle of clove oil for toothaches, so I understand why some people feel it’s almost magical. Yet, traditions don’t always tell the whole story about safety.
The main ingredient in clove leaf oil, eugenol, produces a strong aroma and a numbing effect. That might sound appealing if a person feels pain, but eugenol also can irritate the skin, especially when used in higher doses or over long stretches. Dermatology studies and poison control data back this up: using undiluted clove oil on the skin triggers inflammation, redness, and even chemical burns for some people. Reports of allergic reactions show up most often in people with sensitive or already damaged skin.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration classifies clove oil as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food. That’s not the same as saying it works safely on human skin. According to reviews in scientific journals such as Contact Dermatitis, eugenol may become problematic when it stays on the skin too long or gets used without much dilution. Sometimes, manufacturers market natural oils as gentle. This gives folks the wrong idea that "natural" means "risk-free." In reality, undiluted essential oils can act like harsh chemicals.
I have personally experienced both the relief and the risks. Once, thinking I could calm a toothache with clove oil, I dabbed a small amount on my gum. The numbness lasted a minute, but what followed was a burning feeling and inflamed skin. A trip to a pharmacist confirmed it: essential oils always need dilution and careful handling. Friends who work as estheticians say that even with proper dilution in carrier oils, patch testing comes first – otherwise, there’s no quick fix if someone develops a rash.
This oil does have antimicrobial action. Some creams and dental gels include tiny amounts for that reason. That doesn’t mean it should become a routine part of homemade recipes or daily skin care. Professional guidelines often say to mix only a couple of drops with a full tablespoon of carrier oil, and always test on a small patch of skin before going further. Over-the-counter products use much less eugenol than raw oil straight from the bottle.
Long-term exposure raises more questions. Scientists haven’t completed enough studies on chronic skin use to draw firm conclusions. Cases reported in medical literature focus on short-term accidental overdoses or allergic reactions in dental offices. The lack of widespread regulation around essential oils means that every bottle could contain slightly different levels of eugenol. That increases the uncertainty.
People interested in using clove leaf oil safely should ask for guidance from medical professionals or dermatologists, especially if they have skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis. Diluting oils in coconut, jojoba, or olive oil cuts the risk of irritation. Always check for signs of burning, swelling, or unusual redness after the first application. Avoid using the oil on open wounds or broken skin. If a reaction occurs, wash off the oil right away and talk to a healthcare provider.
Clove oil’s strong tradition in home medicine circles doesn’t change the need for caution. Relying on trustworthy sources, reading product labels, and respecting safety guidelines give the best shot at safe benefits without unnecessary harm.
Clove leaf oil holds a long-standing place in home medicine cabinets around the world. My own grandmother reached for this sharp-scented oil each time one of us felt a pesky toothache starting. Eugenol, the main ingredient, delivers a strong numbing effect. Many dentists still turn to eugenol for temporary pain relief. The sense of calm kicks in surprisingly fast, whether it’s a bothersome molar or a tender gum.
Some natural remedies get a reputation they don’t live up to—clove leaf oil, though, battles bacteria with real science behind it. Studies show that eugenol attacks bacteria by breaking down their walls. That’s not just good news for your mouth; it offers help for people struggling with fungal or bacterial skin issues. I’ve used diluted clove leaf oil for minor cuts and scrapes when I didn’t have any antibacterial ointment handy. It stings a bit, but recovery seems to speed up.
Every cold or allergy season brings sore throats and stuffy heads. A few drops of clove leaf oil in steaming water clears congestion and soothes inflamed airways. Inhaling those vapors doesn’t just make breathing easier; it also gives a sense of comfort during nights full of coughing. The aroma isn’t subtle, but relief often comes swiftly.
Eugenol acts as more than a numbing agent. Research shows it cuts down on swelling, too. People with stiff joints and aching muscles use clove oil as part of their massage routine. I’ve rubbed it on sore knees after long hikes. The warm, tingling sensation helps loosen up muscles and joints. Athletes sometimes mix it with carrier oils for a post-workout massage blend.
Clove leaf oil crops up in kitchens and pantries. A dash in food preserves freshness and appeals to those interested in natural solutions over chemical ones. Bakers put a small amount in spiced cookies or cakes, while some home cooks add it to pickles. The bold flavor works in moderation, but a heavy hand can easily overpower a dish.
Clove leaf oil isn’t without risks. Too much can cause irritation on skin and in the mouth. Swallowing undiluted oil can even lead to serious issues, so using the right amount is key. Always dilute it well before applying to skin, and spot-test sensitive areas. Pregnant women and children should check with medical professionals before trying clove oil due to the strong compounds inside.
The evidence keeps piling up for clove leaf oil’s many uses. More research will clarify its full role in modern medicine, household care, and even food preservation. For now, careful use and respect for dosing let clove oil serve as a handy, multipurpose ally for daily aches, scrapes, and stuffy noses. Folks looking for natural options have a lot to gain, as long as they approach it with care and common sense.
Clove leaf oil packs a punch. Its warm, spicy aroma gets noticed, but so does its strength on the skin and in blends. Few people realize clove oil is high in eugenol, a powerful compound with real bite. Using it straight out of the bottle can cause skin reactions, burning, or irritation. Even years working with essential oils haven’t tamed its potency. One short slip-up—too much in a homemade remedy—and the result is discomfort or even skin damage.
People often dilute clove leaf oil before adding it to massage blends, lotions, or any direct-to-skin formulas. Aromatherapists I trust recommend starting with a 0.5% to 1% dilution for regular skin contact. That means three to six drops of clove oil in every ounce (about 30 milliliters) of carrier oil. Go with a gentle base like jojoba, sweet almond, or coconut oil.
Diffusing clove oil skips direct skin contact, so the main concern becomes overpowering a room or irritating the nose and lungs. Just two to three drops in a standard diffuser, mixed with softer oils like orange or lavender, keeps the scent from taking over and lets others breathe easy.
Some people react more than others to clove oil. Making a patch test cuts down the risk. Just mix up a small amount in carrier oil, dab a drop on the inside of your arm, and cover it for twelve hours. Watch for redness, bumps, or itching. No reaction after that window? It’s safer to use, though never on broken skin or in large amounts.
Fresh parents ask about using clove oil around babies or during pregnancy. In these cases, extra caution goes a long way. Many experts, like those from the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, suggest steering clear of clove oil near infants and keeping dilutions below 0.5% for pregnant or nursing adults. I keep clove blends well out of reach from kids and don’t use any oils with clove for pets.
DIY oral care recipes float around the internet, some calling for clove oil for toothaches. Professional organizations, including the American Dental Association, warn against high concentrations—clove oil is too harsh to use full-strength on gums or teeth. Mixing only a drop or two in a spoonful of carrier (like coconut oil) maintains flavor and numbing effects, but doesn’t burn soft tissue.
Good clove leaf oil comes from reputable suppliers, not bargain bins. Purity matters, both for safety and for getting the intended results. I always look for clear labeling (Latin names, distillation details, lot codes) and quality testing results before buying. To keep the oil fresh, store bottles away from sunlight and heat—tucked in a cabinet.
Blending clove leaf oil takes patience and respect for its potency. Using reliable references and double-checking dilution ratios make the oil safe for homemade products. People with special sensitivities should work with a trained aromatherapist or seek advice from a healthcare provider, not just a random online tutorial. A small investment of time up-front leads to safe, comfortable use—and lets the warmth of clove oil shine through, minus the risk.
Folks use clove leaf oil for many things—from easing a toothache to freshening up a room. The eugenol in this oil packs a punch for both flavor and fighting bacteria. As handy as it can be, this little bottle deserves respect. Rubbing it on sore gums gave some people relief, but stories of burns and rashes show there’s no such thing as a risk-free remedy.
Plenty of people have felt that sting if they put too much clove leaf oil on their skin. The oil can burn or irritate, especially for kids or anyone with sensitive skin. Chewing on a whole clove has a softer effect than the pure oil—and the oil isn’t meant to be a casual home potion. Even a drop can bring out redness or cause blistering. In my own kitchen, slicing cloves for cooking always leaves my hands tingling, and the concentrated oil is even stronger.
Clove leaf oil can numb a sore tooth at first, but too much may hurt your gums or the linings of your mouth. Dentists sometimes warn families not to rely on clove oil for kids with tooth pain because it can do more harm than good in little mouths. The compound eugenol can burn delicate tissue and sometimes even slow down healing if used day after day.
Ingesting clove leaf oil is where trouble really ramps up. While some pitch it as a natural fix for digestive upset, more than a tiny drop or two can cause tummy pain, nausea, or even trigger vomiting. People have landed in emergency rooms with liver problems or sudden seizures after taking too much clove oil by mouth. In real-world cases, a teaspoon sends some folks straight to the hospital. For small children, even less poses a real threat—accidental poisonings rise every year thanks to the trend of essential oils in family homes.
Eugenol thins blood, so anyone on blood thinners, or healing after surgery, faces extra risk. Even those dealing with hemophilia or clotting concerns might see more bruising or unexpected bleeding from something as simple as a homemade mouth rinse. Pregnant or breastfeeding women run their own risks too. The strong flavor hints at the oil’s power, and medical advice says to skip it during pregnancy since not enough is known about how it affects a developing baby.
Following the advice on the bottle helps, but it’s not always enough. Buying from trustworthy brands lowers chances of watered-down or contaminated oils. Using a carrier oil—like coconut or olive oil—dilutes the punch, reducing the burn and skin issues. A patch test on a small area serves as cheap insurance against a bad reaction.
Let a healthcare provider know if clove oil is a regular part of your routine. They can speak to mixing it with prescription drugs or supplements, especially those for the liver or blood. Safe use depends on sharing these details—your doctor needs the full picture.
This oil may come from your local health store, but it acts like a medicine. Keeping it up high and out of reach keeps kids and pets safe. Someday, companies may include even clearer warnings. Until then, a little caution goes a long way. Nothing fancy needed—just honest respect for something as strong as clove leaf oil.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Eugenol |
| Other names |
Clove leaf essential oil Eugenia caryophyllata leaf oil Syzygium aromaticum leaf oil |
| Pronunciation | /kləʊv liːf ɔɪl/ |
| Preferred IUPAC name | Eugenol |
| Other names |
Clove Leaf Essential Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Leaf Oil Clove Leaf Extract |
| Pronunciation | /kləʊv liːf ɔɪl/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 8000-34-8 |
| Beilstein Reference | Beilstein Reference: 1908627 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:8004 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL20413 |
| ChemSpider | 21215494 |
| DrugBank | DB11547 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.777 |
| EC Number | EC 284-638-7 |
| Gmelin Reference | Gm.8727 |
| KEGG | C10409 |
| MeSH | D003143 |
| PubChem CID | 24656 |
| RTECS number | CN7673000 |
| UNII | YTV7K62WTT |
| UN number | UN 1169 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | CompTox Dashboard (EPA) of product 'Clove Leaf Oil': DTXSID0020535 |
| CAS Number | 8000-34-8 |
| Beilstein Reference | Beilstein Reference: 1902107 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:8758 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL2416751 |
| ChemSpider | 21536639 |
| DrugBank | DB14003 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.666 |
| EC Number | EC 284-638-7 |
| Gmelin Reference | 9859 |
| KEGG | C10162 |
| MeSH | D003023 |
| PubChem CID | 8648 |
| RTECS number | RZ9780000 |
| UNII | XPB1LO6R8P |
| UN number | UN 1169 |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID5020669 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C10H12O2 |
| Molar mass | Molar mass of Clove Leaf Oil: undefined |
| Appearance | Clear to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | Characteristic clove odor |
| Density | 0.960 – 1.030 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble in water |
| log P | 2.82 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.44 mmHg at 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | ~10.0 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 7.38 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.5270 |
| Viscosity | Viscous liquid |
| Dipole moment | 2.4 D |
| Chemical formula | C10H12O2 |
| Appearance | Pale yellow to yellowish brown clear liquid |
| Odor | Characteristic, spicy, clove-like |
| Density | 0.92 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Insoluble |
| log P | 2.57 |
| Vapor pressure | <0.1 kPa (20°C) |
| Acidity (pKa) | 10.2 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 8.95 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | Diamagnetic |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.527 – 1.535 |
| Viscosity | Mobile liquid |
| Dipole moment | 1.7 D |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 441.1 J/mol·K |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -4681.74 kJ/mol |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 354.9 J/mol·K |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -6016.98 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | A01AD11 |
| ATC code | A01AD11 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS09, Warning, H315, H317, H410, P261, P273, P280, P302+P352, P333+P313, P362, P391, P501 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315: Causes skin irritation. H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction. H319: Causes serious eye irritation. H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. |
| Precautionary statements | Keep out of reach of children. Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Do not ingest. Use only in well-ventilated areas. If accidental contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water. If irritation persists, seek medical advice. |
| Flash point | 100°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 255°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD₅₀ (oral, rat): 2,650 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | 2650 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | SEU |
| PEL (Permissible) | 100 ppm |
| REL (Recommended) | 2.5% |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS09 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H315, H317, H319 |
| Precautionary statements | P102, P264, P272, P280, P302+P352, P321, P333+P313, P362+P364, P501 |
| Flash point | 95°C |
| Autoignition temperature | 215°C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 (oral, rat): 2,650 mg/kg |
| LD50 (median dose) | 1620 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | SAF9587 |
| PEL (Permissible) | 1.0% |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.02 |
| Related compounds | |
| Related compounds |
Eugenol Acetyleugenol Beta-caryophyllene Vanillin Caryophyllene oxide Eugenyl acetate |
| Related compounds |
Eugenol Acetyl eugenol Beta-caryophyllene Vanillin Caryophyllene oxide Alpha-humulene |
West Ujimqin Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, China
