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Product Name: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Synonyms: 2,4-D; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acid; 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyethanoic acid
Recommended Use: Herbicide commonly applied in agriculture, horticulture, and turf maintenance
CAS Number: 94-75-7
Manufacturer/Distributor: Information provided on container or receipt
Emergency Contact: Listed on container label
Classification: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal), eye/skin irritation
Label Elements: Pictogram: Exclamation mark for irritant, health hazard symbol
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed; causes skin and eye irritation; may cause respiratory tract irritation
Precautionary Statements: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection; avoid breathing dust or vapors; wash skin thoroughly after handling
Other Hazards: May be harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects
Chemical Name: 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
Concentration: Typically ranges between 95-98% in technical grade formulations
Impurities: Trace levels of related phenoxy acids, salts, and possible synthesis byproducts
Additives: Surfactants, solvents, or carriers present in formulated products only
Inhalation: Move to fresh air; seek medical attention if irritation persists, symptoms like coughing or difficulty breathing develop
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, rinse skin thoroughly with water and soap; continue washing for at least 15 minutes; call a doctor if irritation or rash occurs
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes carefully with lukewarm water for several minutes, lift eyelids occasionally; seek immediate medical care if pain, redness, or blurred vision remain
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting; rinse mouth thoroughly, seek immediate medical help; never offer fluids or food to an unconscious victim
Most Important Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, skin redness, eye discomfort, respiratory irritation
Notes to Physician: Treat symptoms, monitor for acidosis, supportive care recommended
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, dry chemical, foam, carbon dioxide
Specific Hazards: Decomposes in fire producing toxic gases such as hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and phosgene
Protective Equipment: Full protective gear including self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighters
Special Precautions: Move container from fire area if safe, spray containers to keep cool, prevent runoff from reaching drains or waterways
Personal Precautions: Avoid skin, eye contact, and inhalation of dusts and vapors; ventilate area; wear chemical-resistant gloves, boots, protective eyewear, and respirator if needed
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from entering drains, waterways, or soil
Cleanup Methods: Collect spilled material using non-sparking tools; sweep up solids, absorb liquids with inert material like sand or earth; dispose in sealed containers following disposal regulations
Decontamination: Wash contaminated surfaces with plenty of water and detergent; limit access to affected area until cleaned
Safe Handling: Only handle in well-ventilated area, avoid exposure to dust and spray. Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working. Use proper hygiene and wash after handling.
Storage Conditions: Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool, well-ventilated place, away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers or bases. Maintain temperature between 2°C and 40°C. Store out of reach of children and non-essential personnel.
Incompatible Materials: Alkalis, strong oxidizers, acid chlorides, peroxides
Occupational Exposure Limits: No strict OSHA or ACGIH TLV for 2,4-D acid, but handle as hazardous material; recommended workplace exposure limits around 10 mg/m³ as an 8-hour TWA
Engineering Controls: Ensure adequate local exhaust ventilation at processing and handling points; use closed systems wherever feasible
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Protective gloves and clothing, chemical splash goggles, face shield if splash risk, approved respirators for dust/vapor if ventilation is insufficient
Hygiene Measures: Wash exposed skin thoroughly, remove contaminated clothing, keep work area clean and separate from eating areas
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Mild phenolic aroma
Odor Threshold: Not distinctly measurable
pH: Moderately acidic; 3.0–4.0 in aqueous solution
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 140°C
Boiling Point/Range: Decomposes before boiling
Flash Point: Not applicable (non-flammable solid)
Evaporation Rate: Negligible under standard conditions
Flammability: Not classified as flammable
Lower/Upper Explosion Limit: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: 1 x 10⁻⁵ mmHg at 25°C
Vapor Density: Not relevant due to low volatility
Density: 1.42 g/cm³
Solubility: 900 mg/L in water at 25°C; highly soluble in most polar organic solvents
Partition Coefficient (Log Kow): ~2.8
Autoignition Temperature: Data not available
Decomposition Temperature: 140–160°C
Viscosity: Not applicable for solid; moderate viscosity in solution
Chemical Stability: Stable under standard storage and handling conditions in sealed container
Reactivity: Reacts with strong alkalis to form salts
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, ignition sources, prolonged exposure to sunlight
Incompatible Materials: Bases, strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, aluminum
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phosgene during thermal breakdown
Polymerization: Not known to occur under normal conditions
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 639 mg/kg; Dermal LD50 (rabbit): >2,000 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50 (rat): >1.79 mg/L/4h
Chronic Toxicity: Prolonged or repeated exposure may affect the liver, kidneys, and nervous system
Skin and Eye Irritation: Moderate to severe irritant
Carcinogenicity: Classified by IARC as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) based on animal studies
Mutagenicity: Negative in standard Ames tests; mixed results in other mutagenicity assays
Reproductive Toxicity: No clear evidence of reproductive harm in laboratory studies at occupational exposure levels
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, central nervous system, kidneys, liver
Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms: Highly toxic to many aquatic plants, moderately toxic to fish and invertebrates; LC50 (rainbow trout, 96h): 100 mg/L; EC50 (daphnia, 48h): 120 mg/L
Environmental Fate: Readily metabolized by soil bacteria, moderate potential for leaching to groundwater, half-life in soil: 10–30 days
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low to moderate based on log Kow
Persistence and Degradability: Not persistent under aerobic conditions with proper application; can form more persistent products in anaerobic or saturated soils
Other Effects: High runoff risk during rain, can impact non-target plant species and algae
Waste Handling: Collect and contain waste in approved containers labeled for hazardous chemical waste
Disposal Methods: Use licensed chemical disposal contractor; incinerate or landfill according to local regulations; never dispose in household garbage, storm drains, or sewage
Contaminated Packaging: Decontaminate containers by triple rinsing, puncture to prevent reuse, dispose as hazardous waste
RCRA Status: Classified as hazardous waste in many jurisdictions if not fully consumed or neutralized
UN Number: UN 2765 for 2,4-D, solid; UN 3082 for environmentally hazardous substances, liquid formulation
Transport Hazard Class: 9 (Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods)
Packing Group: III (minor danger)
Labels Required: Miscellaneous dangerous, Environmentally hazardous
Special Precautions: Avoid transport with incompatible chemicals or foodstuffs; keep containers upright, secure, and unopened during movement
Marine Pollutant: Yes; 2,4-D in bulk is considered a marine pollutant
DOT/ADR/IATA/IMDG Information: Regulatory details vary by mode, typically regulated as hazardous for all major methods of shipment
TSCA: Listed in U.S. Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory
SARA Title III: Section 302: Not listed; Section 313: Subject to reporting as toxic chemical
RCRA: Waste code U240 for technical 2,4-D
CERCLA Reportable Quantity: 100 pounds (45.4 kg) release of 2,4-D or products containing it triggers notification
California Proposition 65: Not listed as carcinogenic by State of California
EU Classification: Harmful (Xn), Irritant (Xi), Dangerous for the Environment (N); risk phrases include R22, R38, R41, R51/53
Other Regulation: Subject to national pesticide registration and product stewardship guidelines, mandatory safety labelling, restricted use in some regions
West Ujimqin Banner, Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia, China
