Toxicity
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
RTECS NUMBER :
AK3675000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Acetin,
tri-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
102-76-1
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1792353
LAST
UPDATED :
199701
DATA ITEMS CITED :
15
MOLECULAR FORMULA
:
C9-H14-O6
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
218.23
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION
:
1VO1YOV1&1OV1
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
TYPE OF TEST
:
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES
OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and
Experimental Therapeutics. (Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202)
V.1- 1909/10- Volume(issue)/page/year: 82,377,1944 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **
TYPE OF TEST
:
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED
:
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
3 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic
effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
AMIHAB AMA Archives of
Industrial Health. (Chicago, IL) V.11-21, 1955-60. For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 21,28,1960
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent
kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not
reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics
Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,879,1978
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent
kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence (general
depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE :
PSEBAA
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic Press, Inc., 1
E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year: 46,26,1941
TYPE OF
TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES
OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS
:
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change
Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral -
stiffness
REFERENCE :
FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies
for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87. Volume(issue)/page/year:
22,368,1963
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1400
mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or
without sensory change Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex)
Behavioral - stiffness
REFERENCE :
FEPRA7 Federation Proceedings, Federation of
American Societies for Experimental Biology. (Bethesda, MD) V.1-46, 1942-87.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,368,1963
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent
kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2300 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - somnolence
(general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
REFERENCE
:
PSEBAA Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. (Academic
Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1903/04- Volume(issue)/page/year:
46,26,1941
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1600
mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs,
Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
REFERENCE :
APSCAX Acta Physiologica
Scandinavica. (Karolinska Institutet, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden) V.1- 1940-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,338,1957
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent
kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal -
dog
DOSE/DURATION :
1500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not
reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics
Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,879,1978
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent
kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
750 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not
reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics
Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,879,1978
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal
dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intramuscular
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea
pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1740 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration -
dyspnea
REFERENCE :
JPETAB Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
(Williams & Wilkins Co., 428 E. Preston St., Baltimore, MD 21202) V.1- 1909/10-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 76,189,1942
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal
dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian -
frog
DOSE/DURATION :
150 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not
reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
FCTXAV Food and Cosmetics
Toxicology. (London, UK) V.1-19, 1963-81. For publisher information, see FCTOD7.
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,879,1978 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA
*** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey
(1974) NOHS Hazard Code - M1910 No. of Facilities: 832 (estimated) No. of Industries: 17 No.
of Occupations: 25 No. of Employees: 11313 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure
Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - M1910 No. of Facilities: 713 (estimated) No. of Industries:
13 No. of Occupations: 21 No. of Employees: 18436 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4103
(estimated)
FAQ
1.What is Glycerol Triacetate?
Triacetin, also known under the aliases of Glycerol triacetate or glyceryl
triacetate, is a fundamental specialty chemical that is ubiquitous in many everyday
products yet often overlooked. This clear, colorless, and odorless liquid is chemically
classified as a triester, which means it is derived from a reaction involving glycerin
and acetic acid. Known by its chemical formula of C9H14O6, Triacetin, with its
substantial molecular weight of 218.2 g/mol, is an unsung hero in the realm of chemical
compounds. In its pure form, it presents as a slightly sweet, combustible liquid that is
practically insoluble in water, a characteristic that enhances its versatility in
various applications.
2.How is glyceryl triacetate produced？
Brønsted–Lewis acidic ionic liquids (IL) were used in the esterification of
glycerol and acetic acid to produce glycerol triacetate. The results show that the IL
(3–sulfonic acid)–propyltriethylammonium chloroironinate [HO3S–(CH2)3–NEt3]Cl–[FeCl3]x
(molar fraction of FeCl3, x = 0.67) was an efficient catalyst for the esterification
reaction. The yield of glycerol triacetate and its content were greater than 98 % when
reacted under reflux for 4 h. It was observed that a synergistic effect of Brønsted and
Lewis acid sites enhanced the catalytic performance of IL. The reusability of IL was
good. After six reaction cycles, the glycerol triacetate yield and concentration were
still greater than 98 %. Likewise, the Brønsted–Lewis acidic IL was an efficient
catalyst for esterification reactions of high boiling points alcohols with acetic acid.
3.Why is glyceryl triacetate so important?
The role of Triacetin cannot be understated when it comes to its
contribution to food safety standards. Serving as a food additive, it acts as a
humectant and enhances the texture of a variety of food items, thereby improving the
overall consumer experience. It features in an impressive array of products - from food
colorings, making our meals more visually appealing, to baked goods, flour cereal, and
even certain candies. Although it shares the space with other common additives like
sodium benzoate, high fructose corn syrup, and sodium nitrite in the realm of processed
foods, Triacetin stands out owing to its unique properties and FDA-recognized safety
profile.
4. When did glyceryl triacetate appear?
Triacetin has a rich history that dates back over a century, with its roots
as a humble derivative of acetic acid and glycerin. Over the decades, its application
has spread across various industries, with its popularity soaring particularly in the
latter half of the 20th century. In recent years, its use as a food additive has risen
exponentially following recognition and approval from regulatory bodies such as the FDA.
To give you an idea of the scale of its prevalence, recent market research reveals that
the global Triacetin market size was valued at a staggering USD 245.1 million in 2021.
This impressive figure illustrates the growth and demand trajectory for this compound,
solidifying its place in the world of specialty chemicals.
