Toxicity
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
RTECS NUMBER :
WS4550000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Sulfur
dioxide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
7446-09-5
LAST UPDATED :
199712
DATA ITEMS
CITED :
87
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
O2-S
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
64.06
WISWESSER
LINE NOTATION :
S O2
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
TYPE OF TEST
:
Standard Draize test
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Administration into the eye
SPECIES
OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED
:
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
1000 ppm/10M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or
Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED
:
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
3 ppm/5D
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or
Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED
:
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
12 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or
Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED
:
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
3000 ppm/5M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects
not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration,
50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2520 ppm/1H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not
reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50
percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
3000 ppm/30M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or
effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
TYPE
OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1039
ppm/24H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose
value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Amphibian - frog
DOSE/DURATION :
1
pph/15M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose
value
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - species unspecified
DOSE/DURATION
:
3000 ppm/5M
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than
lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE
OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
4910
ug/m3/6H/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - cytochrome
oxidases (including oxidative phosphorylation) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction,
or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest
published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED
:
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
500 ug/m3/96D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and
Coverings - changes in surface EEG Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - xanthine, purine or nucleotides including
urate
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
400
ppm/3H/6W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional
change in trachea or bronchi
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
rat
DOSE/DURATION :
10 ppm/24H/14D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - food intake
(animal) Liver - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - lipids including
transport
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF
EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
1
ppm/90M/1Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - structural or functional
change in trachea or bronchi
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal -
dog
DOSE/DURATION :
500 ppm/2H/21W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or
Respiration - structural or functional change in trachea or bronchi Lungs, Thorax, or
Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/m3/3H/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other
changes Liver - other changes Blood - hemorrhage
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest
published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED
:
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
10 ppm/1H/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver -
other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes Biochemical - Metabolism
(Intermediary) - lipids including transport
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published
toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent -
mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
500 ppm/5M/30W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal
tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST
:
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Inhalation
DOSE :
4 mg/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION :
female 72 day(s)
pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes
or disorders Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Fertility - female
fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant
per # females mated)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
4 mg/m3/24H
SEX/DURATION
:
female 72 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn -
growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - delayed
effects
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF
EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
4970 ug/m3/12H
SEX/DURATION :
female 12 week(s)
pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes
or disorders Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight
gain)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Inhalation
DOSE :
30 ppm/6H
SEX/DURATION :
male 21 week(s)
pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm
duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE
:
Inhalation
DOSE :
25 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after
conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity
(except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic
concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
25 ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION
:
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific
Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest
published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
32
ppm/24H
SEX/DURATION :
female 7-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS
:
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published
toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
DOSE :
70
ppm/7H
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-18 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS
:
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF
TEST :
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic
analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
MUTATION DATA
TYPE OF TEST
:
Cytogenetic analysis
TEST SYSTEM :
Mammal - cattle Cells - not otherwise
specified
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211,
1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,149,1977 *** REVIEWS
*** ACGIH TLV-Not classifiable as a human carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values
(TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year:
TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-STEL 13 mg/m3 (5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and
Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997
ACGIH TLV-TWA 5.2 mg/m3 (2 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological
Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer
Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk
of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1-
1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,131,1992 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence
IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO
Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,131,1992 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on
the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49
Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,131,1992 TOXICOLOGY
REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt
of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,163,1975
TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161)
Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information. Volume(issue)/page/year:
PB228-002 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government
Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,35,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW GEIGAI Gendai Igaku. Current Medicine.
(Aichi-ken Ishikai, 14-28, Sakae 4-chome, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460, Japan) V.1- 1950-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 20,299,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AEHLAU Archives of Environmental
Health. (Heldref Pub., 4000 Albemarle St., NW, Washington, DC 20016) V.1- 1960-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 16,903,1968 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ENVRAL Environmental Research.
(Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year:
16,139,1978 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTIS** National Technical Information Service. (Springfield,
VA 22161) Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific & Technical Information.
Volume(issue)/page/year: CONF-691001 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AMIHBC AMA Archives of Industrial
Hygiene and Occupational Medicine. (Chicago, IL) V.2-10, 1950-54. For publisher information,
see AEHLAU. Volume(issue)/page/year: 10,455,1954 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA
FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register.
(U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936-
Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) DTLVS* The
Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996
Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,238,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code
of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC
20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 5 ppm (13
mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of
Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL
(Shipyard):8H TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government
Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year:
29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal
Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402)
Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB
Republic of Egypt:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm
(10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 2 ppm (5.2 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-DENMARK:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (13
mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-GERMANY:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 3 mg/m3;STEL 6 mg/m3 JAN 1993
OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3)
JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993
OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 2 ppm (5
mg/m3);STEL 4 ppm (10 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993
OEL-TURKEY:TWA 5 ppm (13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 2 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 5 ppm
(13 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW
ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE
DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SULFUR DIOXIDE-air:10H TWA 2
ppm;STEL 5 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda.
Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS -
National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 70860 No. of Facilities: 6399
(estimated) No. of Industries: 85 No. of Occupations: 61 No. of Employees: 51398 (estimated)
NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 70860 No. of
Facilities: 2465 (estimated) No. of Industries: 59 No. of Occupations: 58 No. of Employees:
55033 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 8990 (estimated)
