Toxicity
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
RTECS NUMBER :
VV7330000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Silica, crystalline - quartz
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
14808-60-7
LAST UPDATED :
199712
DATA ITEMS CITED :
70
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
O2-Si
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
60.09
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
SI O2
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
16 mppcf/8H/17.9Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cough Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
TYPE OF TEST :
LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
300 ug/m3/10Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
90 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis)
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
40 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
20 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
80 mg/m3/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Blood - changes in spleen Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in cellular immune response
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
108 mg/m3/6H/3D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - phosphatases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other oxidoreductases Biochemical - Metabolism (Intermediary) - other proteins
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
58 mg/m3/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Endocrine - changes in thymus weight Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1475 ug/m3/8H/21W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
4932 ug/m3/24H/39W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Immunological Including Allergic - decrease in humoral immune response
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
28 mg/m3/3W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
50 mg/m3/6H/71W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
45 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
90 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intrapleural
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
90 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
111 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intratracheal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg/19W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
4000 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intrapleural
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
83 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
90 mg/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
450 mg/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Gastrointestinal - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Implant
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
4554 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Tumorigenic - tumors at site of application
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intrapleural
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
200 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - bronchiogenic carcinoma
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intrapleural
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intrapleural
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - fibrosis, focal (pneumoconiosis) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intrapleural
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
MUTATION DATA
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Lung
REFERENCE :
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 335,27,1995 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m3, respirable dust DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,39,1987 IARC Cancer Revew:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 42,39,1987 IARC Cancer Revew:Human Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 IARC Cancer Revew:Group 1 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,41,1997 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW 31BYAP "Experimental Lung Cancer: Carcinogenesis and Bioassays, International Symposium, 1974," Karbe, E., and J.F. Park, eds., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 1974 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,94,1974 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-respirable dust in air:TWA 10 mg/m3/% resp. SiO2+2 DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,33,1973 MSHA STANDARD-total dust in air:TWA 30 mg/m3/2(SiO2+3) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,33,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 10 mg/m3/(% resp SiO2+2) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 30 mg/m3/(%SiO2+2), total dust CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 250 mppcf/(%SiO2+5) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 250 mppcf/(%SiO2+5) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.2 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 14 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.15 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 10 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 30 mg/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (resp. dust) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (total dust) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO SILICA, crystalline quartz-air:10H CA TWA 0.05 mg/m3 REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 66495 No. of Facilities: 4077 (estimated) No. of Industries: 59 No. of Occupations: 82 No. of Employees: 81221 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X6478 No. of Facilities: 135 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 8927 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 741 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 66495 No. of Facilities: 53724 (estimated) No. of Industries: 254 No. of Occupations: 173 No. of Employees: 944731 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 112888 (estimated)
FAQ
1.What is Silicon Dioxide?
Silica is a common additive in the production of foods, where it is used primarily as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to absorb water in hygroscopic applications. It is the primary component of diatomaceous earth which has many uses ranging from filtration to insect control. It is also the primary component of rice husk ash which is used, for example, in filtration and cement manufacturing.
Thin films of silica grown on silicon wafers via thermal oxidation methods can be quite beneficial in microelectronics, where they act as electric insulators with high chemical stability. In electrical applications, it can protect the silicon, store charge, block current, and even act as a controlled pathway to limit current flow.
A silica-based aerogel was used in the Stardust spacecraft to collect extraterrestrial particles. Silica is also used in the extraction of DNA and RNA due to its ability to bind to the nucleic acids under the presence of chaotropes. As hydrophobic silica it is used as a defoamer component. In hydrated form, it is used in toothpaste as a hard abrasive to remove tooth plaque.
2.How is Silicon Dioxide produced?
1. Ion exchange method will be diluted water glass filtration to remove impurities after cation exchange, anion exchange, adjust the pH value, concentrated by evaporation or ultrafiltration to produce silica sol.
2. Silica powder method will be distilled water and sodium hydroxide (reagent grade) added to the reaction tank, warmed to 65 ℃, add a certain amount of ammonia to adjust the alkalinity, under stirring in batches to add silica powder, control the temperature below 8.3 ℃, silica powder added to the end of the continued stirring for 2 ~ 3h, to be the pH value fell to 9 ~ 10, sampling and analysis, the completion of the reaction is cooled down under stirring to 50 ℃, after the natural filtration to produce silica sol products. Unreacted silica powder can be recycled. 3. Sulfuric acid method will be diluted water glass and dilute sulfuric acid mixed at 20 ~ 30 ℃ for the reaction to produce silica gel, aging 4h, with 2% ~ 2.5% of dilute sulfuric acid immersion for 1h, washed with water at 40 ~ 50 ℃, in the rotary dryer dehydration to the moisture content of ≤ 80%, after drying to the moisture content of ≤ 10%, placed in 500 ~ 550 ℃ activation furnace activation, screening to produce a coarse pore microsphere silica gel.
3.How is Silicon Dioxide stored and distributed?
Store under dry inert gas, keep container tightly closed, store in a cool, dry place
Store in a cool, ventilated place. The storage should be dedicated and not mixed with other items. Pay attention to fire prevention. Polymerization inhibitor should be added before storage and transportation.
Before transportation, check whether the packing container is complete and sealed, and make sure the container is not leaking, collapsing, falling or damaged during transportation. Strictly prohibit mixing and transporting with oxidizing agents, acids, alkalis, edible chemicals and so on. The transport vehicle and ship must be thoroughly cleaned and sterilized, otherwise it is not allowed to ship other items. When transported by ship, the fitting position should be far away from bedrooms, kitchens, and isolated from the cabin, power supply, fire source and other parts. Road transportation should follow the prescribed route.
4.What is Silicon Dioxide used for?
[Use I].
To be used as dehumidifying desiccant, dehydrating agent, moisture-proof agent and air humidity regulator. Also used for the drying of gas. Also used as a catalyst and catalyst cutter, silicone rubber reinforcing agent, and sizing agent used in the textile industry.
Usage two
Mainly used as liquid adsorbent, desiccant and spice carrier, can also be used as a catalyst carrier
【Use III
As a hygroscopic agent, the color of its growth with the amount of moisture absorption from blue to red, in order to show the sealing of the packaging space medium humidity change.
Usage four
Used as catalyst carrier for phthalic anhydride, aniline, maleic anhydride, melamine, maleic rubber, acrylonitrile and other important petrochemical products. It is also widely used for refining petrochemical products, removing aromatic hydrocarbons, and selective adsorption separation of certain organic gases and liquids. It can also be used as ion exchanger for removing polyvalent harmful elements in water. As well as for materials, instruments and other items of dry storage and high purity gas dewatering and refining.
[Use V
Used in place of ethyl silicate for precision casting to reduce production costs, improve the operating environment and enhance product quality. Used as adhesive for refractory and other materials. It is a coating material to prevent oxidization of certain products. Used as a cooperating material for paints (water-based paints for internal and external walls) to improve bonding, firmness, abrasion resistance, and pollution resistance. As a treatment agent for synthetic fibers to improve the coefficient of friction of fibers. As warp sizing agent for wool spinning industry to improve spinnability, handiness, reduce flying hairs and head breakage, which can improve the output. Used in paper industry to improve paper smoothness and paper strength. It is also used as abrasive and catalyst for the finishing of electronic materials, and coagulant of sulfuric acid in electric battery.
